“…A variety of genes have been transferred including genes encoding hormones (growth hormone, insulin), 13,14 an antimicrobial agent (histatin 3, or H3), 15 membrane proteins (aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5), 16,17 a transcription factor (E2F-1), 18 protease inhibitors (α1antitrypsin and kallistatin), 19,20 a protein affecting apoptosis (Fas ligand) 21 and several nonmammalian "reporter proteins" (ßgalactosidase, chloramphenicol transferase and luciferase). [22][23][24] For repair of damaged salivary glands, initial approach was to insert a gene encoding a water channel protein, aquaporin-1, or AQP1, into radiation-surviving (primarily ductal) salivary cells to convert these nonsecretory cells into a secretory phenotype.…”