Expression and function of circular RNAs in the mammalian brain

Xu, Ke; Zhang, Ying; Li, Jiali

doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03780-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The reasons for the above phenomenon might be that approximately 20% of protein-coding genes can produce circRNAs in the mammalian brain, and in which many of the circRNA-hosting genes are expressed only. Even if those genes are not expressed specifically in the brain, more circRNAs are produced in the brain than in other tissues because there are more Alu elements and relatively long introns in neural genes, which are more likely to circularize ( Jeck and Sharpless, 2014 ; You et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Involvement Of Circrnas In Regulating Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the nervous system, it is mainly reflected in the structural degeneration and the decline of physiological functions, such as cognitive impairment and reduced stress response ability, which lead to the occurrence of age-related diseases ( Cai et al, 2019 ). Studies have shown that circRNAs seem to accumulate specifically in the brains of various aging organisms, including Drosophila, mice, and humans ( Knupp and Miura, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2021 ) and are involved in cell aging and survival, thus regulating aging-related disorders ( Cai et al, 2019 ). However, the mechanisms accounting for the increased levels of circRNAs during aging are still unclear.…”

Section: Involvement Of Circrnas In Cognitive-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases

Liu²,

Chang³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of covalently closed endogenous single-stranded RNA, have been regarded as the byproducts of the aberrant splicing of genes without any biological functions. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, thousands of circRNAs and their differential biological functions have been identified. Except for the great advances in identifying circRNA roles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and treatment, accumulated evidence shows that circRNAs are enriched in the brain, especially in the synapse, and dynamically change with the development or aging of organisms. Because of the specific roles of synapses in higher-order cognitive functions, circRNAs may not only participate in cognitive functions in normal physiological conditions but also lead to cognition-related diseases after abnormal regulation of their expression or location. Thus, in this review, we summarized the progress of studies looking at the role of circRNA in cognitive function, as well as their involvement in the occurrence, development, prognosis, and treatment of cognitive-related diseases, including autism, depression, and Alzheimer’s diseases.

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Section: Involvement Of Circrnas In Regulating Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Involvement Of Circrnas In Cognitive-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases

Liu²,

Chang³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are vital components in the regulation of neuronal gene expression in the brain, and the expression pattern of circRNAs changes stage by stage during the newborn brain development ( 47 , 48 ), and dynamic changes in their expression are critical for brain function and maintenance of brain physiological homeostasis ( 49 ). General anesthetics can affect the expression of circRNA in the brain and nerve cells.…”

Section: Non-coding Rnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on molecular mechanisms of general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the developing brain

Wang

Liu

2022

Front. Neurol.

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General anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in developing brains have become one of the current research hotspots in the medical science community. The underlying mechanisms are complex and involve various related molecular signaling pathways, cell mediators, autophagy, and other pathological processes. However, few drugs can be directly used to treat neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment caused by general anesthetics in clinical practice. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of general anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the neonatal brain after surgery in the hope of providing critical references for the treatments of clinical diseases.

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“…To date, most circRNAs are being studied in the field of cancer [217], with some in cardiovascular diseases or dementia, but these molecules have rarely been explored in the field of PD. For more information on the functional impact of circRNAs, some comprehensive reviews are worth reading [30,214].…”

Section: Circular Rnamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of noncoding RNAs in Parkinson’s disease: biomarkers and associations with pathogenic pathways

et al. 2021

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The discovery of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their biological implications is a growing area in cell biology. Increasing evidence has revealed canonical and noncanonical functions of long and small ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, and tRNA-derived fragments. These ncRNAs have the ability to regulate gene expression and modify metabolic pathways. Thus, they may have important roles as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, especially Parkinson’s disease. Recently, through diverse sequencing technologies and a wide variety of bioinformatic analytical tools, such as reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR, microarrays, next-generation sequencing and long-read sequencing, numerous ncRNAs have been shown to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease. In this review article, we will first introduce the biogenesis of different ncRNAs, including microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and tRNA-derived fragments. The pros and cons of the detection platforms of ncRNAs and the reproducibility of bioinformatic analytical tools will be discussed in the second part. Finally, the recent discovery of numerous PD-associated ncRNAs and their association with the diagnosis and pathophysiology of PD are reviewed, and microRNAs and long ncRNAs that are transported by exosomes in biofluids are particularly emphasized.

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Expression and function of circular RNAs in the mammalian brain

Cited by 13 publications

References 115 publications

Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases

Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases

Research progress on molecular mechanisms of general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the developing brain

The role of noncoding RNAs in Parkinson’s disease: biomarkers and associations with pathogenic pathways

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