Expression Analysis of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Gene and Rosmarinic Acid Production in Salvia officinalis and Salvia virgata Shoots Under Salicylic Acid Elicitation

Ejtahed, Roghayeh sadat; Radjabian, Tayebeh; Tafreshi, Sayed Ali Hoseini

doi:10.1007/s12010-015-1682-3

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Here, we reported that ABA induced the accumulation of RA and phenolic compounds. Our findings are consistent with those of the previous studies on other plant species which reported that the content of RA and phenolic compounds was increased by application of biotic and abiotic elicitor (Yan et al 2006, Bauer et al 2009, Kim et al 2013, Ejtahed et al 2015. In this study, ABA was used as an elicitor to examine the relationship between the expression of rate-limiting enzymes in the two RA biosynthesis pathways and accumulation of RA in the shoot cultures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rosmarinic acid accumulation in Melissa officinalis shoot cultures is mediated by ABA

Mousavi¹,

Shabani²

2019

Biol. plant.

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Plant responses to elicitors are the result of a series of highly modulated consecutive changes in hormones or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that coordinates the complex networks of stress responses and its content is rapidly changed in response to stresses. This study evaluated the effects of application of ABA (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 µM) to shoot cultures of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium on growth, H 2 O 2 production, rosmarinic acid (RA) content, total phenolic compound accumulation, phenylalanineammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression, and PAL activity. Our results showed that all the applied concentrations of ABA decreased the growth rate of shoots. Moreover, the expression of PAL, tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) genes, PAL activity, and the accumulation of total phenolic compound as well as RA were increased in the ABA-treated shoots. The highest content of RA was detected in the shoots treated with 100 µM ABA. The results suggested that both the PAL-and TAT-derived pathways were induced by ABA to increase RA accumulation in the shoot cultures of lemon balm. The results revealed that application of ABA led to up-regulation of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) expression, which was correlated with the production of H 2 O 2 in the shoots cultures. In addition, the cis epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene, which encodes key enzyme involved in ABA biosynthesis was upregulated. These results demonstrated that ABA treatment enhanced endogenous ABA content and rosmarinic acid synthesis in the shoot cultures of lemon balm.Additional key words: 9-cis epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase, lemon balm, phenylalanine-ammonia lyase, rosmarinic acid synthase, tyrosine aminotransferase. 

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rosmarinic acid accumulation in Melissa officinalis shoot cultures is mediated by ABA

Mousavi¹,

Shabani²

2019

Biol. plant.

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“…This regulation consequently resulted in the increase of RAS activity observed starting from the end of O 3 treatment, as well as of RA content at 24 h FBE. As reported by Ejtahed et al [46], no positive relation was observed between the expression intensity of PAL and the accumulation of RA, indicating that PAL is not the rate-determining step in RA biosynthesis and other unknown factors might participate in RA synthesis. It is worth noting that PAL genes have been cloned from different plant species where they usually exist in polygenic families, with three to nine members [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds Is an Integrated Defence Mechanism to Prevent Ozone Injury in Salvia officinalis

et al. 2020

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Specialized metabolites constitute a major antioxidant system involved in plant defence against environmental constraints, such as tropospheric ozone (O3). The objective of this experiment was to give a thorough description of the effects of an O3 pulse (120 ppb, 5 h) on the phenylpropanoid metabolism of sage, at both biochemical and molecular levels. Variable O3-induced changes were observed over time among the detected phenylpropanoid compounds (mostly identified as phenolic acids and flavonoids), likely because of their extraordinary functional diversity. Furthermore, decreases in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), phenol oxidase (PPO), and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) activities were reported during the first hours of treatment, probably due to an O3-induced oxidative damage to proteins. Both PAL and PPO activities were also suppressed at 24 h from the beginning of exposure, whereas enhanced RAS activity occurred at the end of treatment and at the recovery time, suggesting that specific branches of the phenolic pathways were activated. The increased RAS activity was accompanied by the up-regulation of the transcript levels of genes like RAS, tyrosine aminotransferase, and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. In conclusion, sage faced the O3 pulse by regulating the activation of the phenolic biosynthetic route as an integrated defence mechanism.

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“…The results of the present study are in agreement with the latter. Phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), as the first committed enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolism, plays a key role in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in herbs (Ejtahed et al, 2015 ). Saba et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results demonstrated that total phenolic and total flavonoid in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in herbs (Ejtahed et al, 2015). Saba et al (2012) indicated a significant positive correlation between content of polyphenols and activity of PAL enzyme.…”

Section: Total Phenolic Content (Tpc) and Total Flavonoid Content (Tfc)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Improvement of the antioxidant activity, phytochemicals, and cannabinoid compounds of Cannabis sativa by salicylic acid elicitor

Mirzamohammad

Alirezalu

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Cannabis sativa L., commonly known as marijuana, is an annual dioecious herb from eastern Asia belonging to the family Cannabaceae (Russo, 2007). Cannabis is a remarkable medicinal herb containing many valuable natural components such as cannabinoids, terpenes, phenolics, carotenoids, alkaloids, and amino acids (Andre et al., 2016;Elsohly, 2007). Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes, for treating pain, spasms, asthma, insomnia, depression, and loss of appetite, in many cultures for hundreds of years (Fattore, 2015).Cannabinoids are the most important chemical compounds found in the C. sativa species, including Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC) (Elsohly, 2007). The amount and different types of produced cannabinoid compounds determine the class of Cannabis species (medicinal-type or fiber-type). Several previous

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Expression Analysis of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Gene and Rosmarinic Acid Production in Salvia officinalis and Salvia virgata Shoots Under Salicylic Acid Elicitation

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Rosmarinic acid accumulation in Melissa officinalis shoot cultures is mediated by ABA

Rosmarinic acid accumulation in Melissa officinalis shoot cultures is mediated by ABA

The Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds Is an Integrated Defence Mechanism to Prevent Ozone Injury in Salvia officinalis

Improvement of the antioxidant activity, phytochemicals, and cannabinoid compounds of Cannabis sativa by salicylic acid elicitor

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