Expressed Emotion, Shame, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Hack, Jessica; Martin, Graham

doi:10.3390/ijerph15050890

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Furthermore, individuals with NSSI had higher PC and EI than the non-NSSI group, which is in line with previous studies (20,21,37,54,55). Parents' characteristics and their problems directly affect their emotional self-regulation, which in turn interrupts their relationship with children, increases critical behaviors, and as a result, decreases the perceived emotional support by children (55,56).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Role of Psychological Factors in Non-suicidal Self-injury of Female Adolescents

Abbasian

Pourshahbaz

Taremian

et al. 2021

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as inflicting damage to one’s own body. It begins in adolescence and tends to become chronic. Objectives: Considering the high prevalence and chronicity of NSSI among girls, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the prevalence of NSSI in female adolescents from their perspective. Methods: The participants consisted of 604 female high-school students in Saveh, aged 14 - 17 years (14.29 ± 1.11), who were selected via random cluster sampling from November 2018 to January 2019. They answered six questionnaires, including the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), Ways of Coping questionnaire (WCQ), Child Abuse Self-report scale (CASRS), Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism scale (FEICS), Emotion Reactivity scale (ERS), and Aggression questionnaire (AQ). Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The predictor variables of child abuse, emotion reactivity, perceived parental criticism, family emotional involvement, and problem- and emotion-focused coping styles could successfully distinguish NSSI individuals from those without NSSI (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between minor and moderate groups. Conclusions: Family emotional support is a protective factor, while criticism, child abuse, and emotion-focused coping style are risk factors for NSSI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Role of Psychological Factors in Non-suicidal Self-injury of Female Adolescents

Abbasian

Pourshahbaz

Taremian

et al. 2021

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…Shame is consistently associated with NSSI across community and clinical populations (Duggan, Heath, & Hu, 2015;Schoenleber, Berenbaum, & Motl, 2014;Mahtani, Melvin, & Hasking, 2018;VanDerhei, Rojahn, Stuewig, & McKnight, 2014;Weilgus, Hammond, Fox, Hudson, & Mezulis, 2018). Specifically, individuals with a history of NSSI show heightened levels of shame and shame-proneness relative to those without such history (Hack & Martin, 2018;Mahtani, Hasking, & Melvin, 2019;Taylor, McDonald, Smith, Nicholson, & Forrester, 2020). Additionally, shame and shame-proneness are associated with NSSI frequency in college and community samples (VanDerhei et al, 2014;Schoenleber et al, 2014;Weilgus et al, 2018).…”

Section: Self-concept Content and Nssimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, external shame (i.e., one's negative judgment about how others view them) indirectly predicts NSSI via depression (Xavier, Pinto-Gouveia, and Cunha, 2016). Additional work suggests that shame levels are related to NSSI recency, such that people with current NSSI have heightened shame compared to those with past NSSI (Hack & Martin, 2018). However, other work found this association disappeared when controlling for related variables, such as social comparison (measured by having people assess their social rank; Taylor et al, 2019).…”

Section: Self-concept Content and Nssimentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the self in nonsuicidal self-injury: A conceptual review and framework for future research

Ce¹,

D²

2020

Preprint

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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread and dangerous behavior. Despite increasing understanding of the risk factors for NSSI, this behavior remains highly prevalent, highlighting the need for an extension of current research and more precise treatment targets. Specifically, research examining self-perception in NSSI provides a fruitful foundation for future work. Mounting studies indicate that self-concept disturbances are implicated in NSSI. Yet it remains unclear how different components of self-concept—such as self-criticism and identity confusion—are associated for people with NSSI. Furthermore, research in this domain uses distinct definitions and measures of self-concept disturbance, rendering it difficult to integrate findings across studies. This conceptual review provides the first summary to date synthesizing research on self-concept (content and structure) in NSSI, highlights research questions to address, and outlines suggestions for future work. Recommendations for NSSI research examining self-concept include: (a) increasing the consistency of terms used; (b) examining relationships between self-concept content and structure; (c) exploring the extent to which measures of self-concept and identity tap into the same phenomena; (d) assessing self-concept across different levels of analysis; and (e) identifying treatment targets for distinct self-related disturbances (e.g., heightened self-criticism versus an inconsistent sense of self). Potential intervention targets are discussed.

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“…Inability to regulate their negative emotions and to switch off thoughts of self-criticism will escalate the individual's urge to injure themselves. According to escape coping theory, the urge to selfinjure is aroused because of the students' desire to reduce the unbearable psychological distress immediately (Hack & Martin, 2018;Williams, 2010). Self-injury was a temporary diversion switching attention from psychological pain to physical pain (Williams, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Negative Symptoms and Self-Criticism on the Urge to Self-Injure

Megawati¹,

Dannisworo²,

Hanum³

2019

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018)

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Stressful life events brought on by the demands of academic and social life are possibly a factor engendering various negative emotional symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, in college students. Furthermore, failure to obtain positive feedback may possibly provoke self-criticism in them. These conditions, if not handled properly, will develop maladaptive behavior. Previous studies have found that negative emotional symptoms and self-criticism correlate with self-injury. However, these studies did not explain the impact of variables on self-injury. This study aims to find out how the impact of negative emotional symptoms and selfcriticism acts on the urge to self-injure. It was a cross-sectional study populated by 118 college students with the following criteria: aged 18-30 years old, having engaged in self-injury at least once in the past year, having undiagnosed clinical disorders, and not currently undergoing psychotherapy. The result revealed that negative emotional symptoms and self-criticism, as predictors, had a strong correlation (r = 0.744, p = 0.000). Furthermore, both predictors had a moderate correlation with the urge to self-injury (r > 0.400, p = 0.000) and simultaneously impacted on the urge to self-injure by 32 percent (R = 0.564, R 2 = 0.318, Std = 5.209, p = 0.000). According to these results, negative emotional symptoms and selfcriticism tendencies were significant factors that contributed to psychological vulnerability in college students. The higher the level of negative emotional symptoms and self-criticism, the higher the urge to self-injure in college students. These findings supported the idea that self-injury is an emotional coping mechanism to release psychological distress. Self-injury is a student's attempt to escape from the pain due to unbearable psychological stress. The high contribution of these variables makes them an issue that must be considered in interventions to deal with self-injury.

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Expressed Emotion, Shame, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Cited by 24 publications

References 76 publications

The Role of Psychological Factors in Non-suicidal Self-injury of Female Adolescents

The Role of Psychological Factors in Non-suicidal Self-injury of Female Adolescents

Understanding the self in nonsuicidal self-injury: A conceptual review and framework for future research

The Impact of Negative Symptoms and Self-Criticism on the Urge to Self-Injure

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