Exposures and health outcomes from outdoor air pollutants in China

Kan

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

et al. 2011

Self Cite

Section: Ambient Air Pollution Levels In China-temporal Trend and Geomentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Health Studies in China—Policy Implications

Kan

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

et al. 2011

Self Cite

“…They account for 70% of oxides of nitrogen (NO X ) emissions, 52% of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions and 23% of fine particulate (PM) emissions [1]. Exposure to high levels of these pollutants could cause health effects such as respiratory and heart diseases [2][3][4]. The occurrence of lung cancer was high with people exposed to car emissions [5] similar to those of underground carparks [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Environment of a Shopping Centre Carpark: CFD Ventilation Study

Al-Waked¹,

Groenhout²,

Partridge³

et al. 2017

ujme

Carparks are constructed to provide a certain number of car spaces for visitors, shoppers and/or clients of a commercial facility. The required ventilation system design is generally based on local standards provided by local authorities. The purpose of the current study is to develop a performance based ventilation system for a shopping center carpark. The aim of the study is to undertake computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling of the carpark to determine the potential minimum ventilation exhaust rate levels. Results showed that the proposed carpark exhaust system was considered acceptable and no modifications were required. The CO concentration levels in all areas, except within the immediate vicinity of car exhaust plumes, were below 100 ppm. The average predicted CO rise was less than 25 ppm across the carpark which is in compliance with the current Worksafe Australia and WHO CO exposure limits. Moreover, results indicated that the 64,000 l/s exhaust air flowrate was sufficient, and could be reduced to 50,000 l/s. From a financial point of view, it was concluded that the removal of the outlet grilles located at the Southern wall of the Commuters section of the carpark was an acceptable alternative. This cost saving is based on the potential deletion of a fan system, plenum arrangement and shaft which are required as part of the deemed-to-satisfy system design.

“…According to research conducted by the World Health Organization inn 2012, air pollution kills 7 million people per year globally [1]. One of the big causes of air pollution in the world is the significant increase of conventional vehicle numbers in recent years [2,3]. In Indonesia, air pollution from the transportation sector, especially in major cities, has reached a critical point that is very dangerous [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison study of range-extended engines for electric vehicle based on vehicle simulator

Wahono¹,

Nur²,

Santoso³

et al. 2016

J. Mech, Eng, Sci.

Electric vehicles have several disadvantages compared to conventional vehicles, such as their road ability and vehicle weight. To overcome these problems, range-extended engine technology has been developed. A range extender is a generator set that consists of an internal combustion engine coupled with a generator that operates when it is required. A vehicle simulator was deployed to compare the performance of three types of range-extended engines i.e. 1-cylinder 389 cc, 1-cylinder 494 cc and 2-cylinder 988 cc gasoline engines. The best type chosen was afterwards to be coupled with an electric vehicle. The performance data of each internal combustion engine was collected using experiment and simulation data. Two types of driving cycle, the Federal Test Procedure cycle and Artemis Rural Road cycle, were chosen to compare the optimum road ability of the vehicle. The result shows that the 2-cylinder 988 cc range-extended engine has the best performance, with an electrical motor energy consumption decrease of up to 83.26%, fuel consumption increase for the range-extended engine of up to 3.91 L/km, and a road ability increase of up to 232.79% compared to a pure electric vehicle.