Exposure to violence and parenting as mediators between poverty and psychological symptoms in urban African American adolescents

Grant, Kathryn E.; McCormick, Anthony; Poindexter, LaShaunda M.; Simpkins, Tandra; Janda, Cassandra M.; Thomas, Kevin J. A.; Campbell, Andrea Louise; Carleton, Russell A.; Taylor, Julie

doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.12.001

Cited by 126 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…151 Because racialdiscrimination exposure is associated with lower levels of empathy, moral development, and perceptions of injustice, children who are exposed to chronic racial discrimination could also be less likely to develop the perceptions of empathy and moral justice that prevent violent behaviors. [123][124][125][126][127][128] Recent findings also suggest relationships between hostility and aggression, which have been associated with exposure to racial discrimination, 45,97,122 and inflammatory disease, as measured by interleukin 6 and CRP. 152 …”

Section: Disparities In Psychological and Behavioral Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…104,[123][124][125][126][127][128] Exposure to racial discrimination in children of color is also consistently related to internalizing (anxiety, depression, and withdrawal) and externalizing (anger and aggression) behavior, and these associations increase during adolescence. 97 …”

Section: Racial Discrimination Psychological Functioning and Risk Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[46][47][48][49]70,71,[92][93][94]97 Parental support of and sensitivity to their children decreases when they are stressed by their own racialdiscrimination experiences. 61,85 Parents' exposure to racial discrimination also decreases their likelihood of providing a warm and caring environment for their children 61 and increases irritable, explosive, and uninvolved parenting and harsh discipline.…”

Section: Parenting Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

et al. 2009

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A child's sense of control over life and health outcomes as well as perceptions of the world as fair, equal, and just are significantly influenced by his or her social experiences and environment. Unfortunately, the social environment for many children of color includes personal and family experiences of racial discrimination that foster perceptions of powerlessness, inequality, and injustice. In turn, these perceptions may influence child health outcomes and disparities by affecting biological functioning (eg, cardiovascular and immune function) and the quality of the parent-child relationship and promoting psychological distress (eg, self-efficacy, depression, anger) that can be associated with risk-taking and unhealthy behaviors. In this article we review existing theoretical models and empirical studies of the impact of racial discrimination on the health and development of children of color in the United States. On the basis of this literature, a conceptual model of exposure to racial discrimination as a chronic stressor and a risk factor for poor health outcomes and child health disparities is presented. Pediatrics 2009;124:S176-S186

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Section: Disparities In Psychological and Behavioral Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Racial Discrimination Psychological Functioning and Risk Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parenting Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

et al. 2009

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“…En cuanto a esto, algunos estudios informan acerca de la mayor prevalencia de problemas psicológicos en mujeres frente a varones, a pesar de los diferentes niveles de exposición (Javdani, Abdul-Adil, Suarez, Nichols y Farmer, 2014). Por otro lado, algunos autores afirman que el impacto de la variable sexo varía en función de la edad y el contexto específico bajo investigación (Cooley-Strickland et al, 2009;Grant et al, 2005;Osypuk et al, 2012).…”

Section: Revista De Psicologíaunclassified

Violencia comunitaria en adolescentes desfavorecidos: exposición, impacto percibido y consecuencias psicológicas

Mels

Fernández

2015

RevPsicología

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Resumen: La violencia comunitaria forma parte de la vida cotidiana de cada vez más niños y jóvenes, particularmente en las grandes ciudades. La exposición a este tipo de violencia ha sido asociada con el desarrollo de varios problemas conductuales y emocionales, tales como conductas agresivas y delincuentes, ansiedad y depresión. Este estudio pretende explorar la exposición de adolescentes uruguayos en situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica a la violencia comunitaria y su impacto percibido, e investigar su relación con problemas internalizantes y externalizantes reportados por ellos. Se consiguió una muestra de 101 adolescentes de 13 a 18 años en la ciudad de Montevideo, pertenecientes a tres centros socioeducativos seleccionados deliberadamente y por conglomerado. Se administró el Hopkins Symptom Checklist para adolescentes, la Escala de Violencia Comunitaria y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se encontró que el 84,2% de la muestra había sido expuesto a la violencia comunitaria. El impacto percibido de la violencia apareció como predictor de problemas internalizantes, junto a la variable edad. Los resultados sugieren que diferentes mecanismos explican los distintos tipos de problemas psicológicos investigados. Se discuten las implicaciones para la intervención y la prevención.Abstract: Community violence increasingly forms part of the daily lives of children and youth, particularly in large cities. Exposure to this type of violence has been associated with the development of various behavioral and emotional problems, such as aggressive and delinquent behaviors, anxiety and depression. This study aims to explore the exposure of socioeconomically vulnerable Uruguayan adolescents to community violence and its perceived impact, and investigate its relationship with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. We obtained a sample of 101 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, residing in the city of Montevideo, attending to 3 socio-educational centers purposefully selected and clustered. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist for adolescents, a scale for community violence and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered. We found that 84.2% of our sample had been exposed to community violence. The perceived impact of exposure appeared as a predictor of psychological problems, together with the variable age. The results suggest that several mechanisms explain the different kinds of psychological problems investigated. Implications for intervention and prevention were discussed.Palabras clave: adolescencia, trauma, salud mental, pobreza, violencia comunitaria.

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“…In particular, youth with co-occurring externalizing problems (i.e., ADHD symptoms, aggression, and risk-taking behaviors) may have difficulty attending to treatment components that involve affective sharing, and thus show poorer overall treatment response. Youth who exhibit externalizing behaviors may engage in such behaviors to avoid distressing trauma-or grief-related thoughts and feelings (Cole-Detke & Kobak, 1996;Grant et al, 2005). Drawing on the literature linking trauma School Mental Health (2017) 9:184-193 185 exposure to aggressive behavior, Kerig and Becker (2010) posit that some youth may manifest PTSD symptoms as heightened aggression, anger, and irritability.…”

Section: Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms As Moderators Of Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Moderate Treatment Response to School-Based Trauma and Grief Component Therapy for Adolescents

Herres

Williamson

Kobak

et al. 2016

School Mental Health

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Internalizing and externalizing problems commonly co-occur with adolescent post-traumatic stress and grief reactions. However, little is known about whether these co-occurring symptoms moderate adolescents' response to sequenced components of trauma-and grieffocused interventions. Forty-four middle school students (aged 12-14) rated their self-identified Top Problem during a 17-week flexibly tailored course of Trauma and Grief Component Therapy for Adolescents (TGCTA), a groupbased treatment for traumatized and bereaved youth. Baseline internalizing and externalizing symptoms were examined as potential moderators of adolescents' response to skills-building (Module I), narrative-sharing (Modules II and III), and developmental progression (Module IV) phases of intervention. Piecewise analyses of change during the three treatment phases indicated that adolescents with more internalizing symptoms showed significantly less improvement during the skills-building phase and significantly more improvement during the narrative construction phase. Findings provide preliminary evidence that: (a) traumatized and bereaved adolescents show different trajectories of response to different TGCTA components as a function of internalizing versus externalizing baseline symptoms and (b) assessing self-nominated problems and broad-spectrum internalizing and externalizing symptoms can guide trauma-and bereavement-informed treatment planning and monitoring.

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Exposure to violence and parenting as mediators between poverty and psychological symptoms in urban African American adolescents

Cited by 126 publications

References 32 publications

Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

Violencia comunitaria en adolescentes desfavorecidos: exposición, impacto percibido y consecuencias psicológicas

Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Moderate Treatment Response to School-Based Trauma and Grief Component Therapy for Adolescents

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