Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene-Contaminated Drinking Water and the Risk of Pregnancy Loss

Aschengrau, Ann; Weinberg, Janice; Gallagher, Lisa G.; Winter, Michael; Vieira, Verónica M.; Webster, Thomas F.; Ozonoff, David

doi:10.1007/s12403-009-0003-x

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thus, it is plausible that cell membrane changes resulting from PCE exposure may promote aneuploidy and predispose to miscarriage after prenatal exposure. A previous study in the parent cohort did not reveal an association between exposures during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage in that pregnancy [43]. Despite potential for biological plausibility, the current study did not find a meaningful associations between early life PCE exposure and later onset PCOS, endometriosis, difficulty conceiving, or miscarriage.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Association of prenatal and early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with polycystic ovary syndrome and other reproductive disorders in the cape cod health study: A retrospective cohort study

Mahalingaiah

Winter

Aschengrau

2016

Reproductive Toxicology

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Background Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is an organic lipophilic solvent with possible neuroendocrine toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the association of prenatal and early childhood exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water and development of adult-onset Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, difficulty conceiving and miscarriage. Methods Five-hundred exposed and 331 unexposed female participants born between 1969 and 1983 completed questionnaires on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, and reproductive disorders. Residential locations from the prenatal period through five years of age were used to estimate early life PCE exposure with water modeling software. Results For any early life exposure to PCE, the adjusted risk ratio for PCOS was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.5–1.6). No statistically significant associations were observed for increasing levels of exposure with PCOS or the other reproductive disorders. Conclusion No meaningful associations were found among adult women with early life exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water and adult-onset reproductive disorders.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Association of prenatal and early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with polycystic ovary syndrome and other reproductive disorders in the cape cod health study: A retrospective cohort study

Mahalingaiah

Winter

Aschengrau

2016

Reproductive Toxicology

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“…The majority of participants had a mother enrolled in a previous cohort, the Cape Cod Family Health Study [17,18,19]. Between 2002 and 2003, we used birth certificates and self-administered questionnaires to obtain data on the woman, her exposures during her pregnancy with the participant, and characteristics of the participants themselves.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Fish Consumption and Learning and Behavioral Disorders

Carwile

Butler

Janulewicz

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Fish is a major source of nutrients critical for brain development during early life. The importance of childhood fish consumption is supported by several studies reporting associations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation with better behavior and school performance. However, fish may have a different effect than n-3 PUFA alone due to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, a frequent contaminant. We investigated associations of childhood fish consumption with learning and behavioral disorders in birth cohort study of the neurotoxic effects of early life exposure to solvent-contaminated drinking water. Childhood (age 7–12 years) fish consumption and learning and behavioral problems were reported in self-administered questionnaires (age 23–41 at questionnaire completion). Fish consumption was not meaningfully associated with repeating a grade, tutoring, attending summer school, special class placement, or low educational attainment. However, participants who ate fish several times a week had an elevated odds of Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.5–18) compared to participants who did not eat fish. While these findings generally support the safety of the observed level of fish consumption, the absence of a beneficial effect may be attributed to insufficient fish intake or the choice of relatively low n-3 PUFA fish.

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“…Of four previous community-based studies relating exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water to pregnancy loss, only one has reported positive findings. No association was reported in a cross-sectional study of town-level PCE or trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and fetal loss occurring at >20 weeks gestation in New Jersey women [ 1 ], or in a previous publication from this cohort examining associations of prenatal PCE exposure with overall pregnancy loss, first-trimester loss, and combined second- and third-trimester loss [ 15 ]. In a study of Woburn, MA residents, women exposed to well water contaminated with PCE, TCE, and other chlorinated organic chemicals were not found to be at an increased risk of pregnancy loss [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gestational duration of index pregnancies was similar, but non-participating women gave birth to somewhat lighter infants than participating women. Notably, these differences were observed for both exposed and unexposed participants [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal drinking-water exposure to tetrachloroethylene and ischemic placental disease: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPrenatal drinking water exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) has been previously related to intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. Pathophysiologic and epidemiologic evidence linking these outcomes to certain other pregnancy complications, including placental abruption, preeclampsia, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (i.e., ischemic placental diseases), suggests that PCE exposure may also be associated with these events. We examined whether prenatal exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water was associated with overall or individual ischemic placental diseases.MethodsUsing a retrospective cohort design, we compared 1,091 PCE-exposed and 1,019 unexposed pregnancies from 1,766 Cape Cod, Massachusetts women. Exposure between 1969 and 1990 was estimated using water distribution system modeling software. Data on birth weight and gestational age were obtained from birth certificates; mothers self-reported pregnancy complications.ResultsOf 2,110 eligible pregnancies, 9% (N = 196) were complicated by ≥1 ischemic placental disease. PCE exposure was not associated with overall ischemic placental disease (for PCE ≥ sample median vs. no exposure, risk ratio (RR): 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.24), preeclampsia (RR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12-1.07), or SGA (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.66-1.45). However, pregnancies with PCE exposure ≥ the sample median had 2.38-times the risk of stillbirth ≥27 weeks gestation (95% CI: 1.01, 5.59), and 1.35-times of the risk of placental abruption (95% CI: 0.68, 2.67) relative to unexposed pregnancies.ConclusionsPrenatal PCE exposure was not associated with overall ischemic placental disease, but may increase risk of stillbirth.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-72) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene-Contaminated Drinking Water and the Risk of Pregnancy Loss

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Association of prenatal and early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with polycystic ovary syndrome and other reproductive disorders in the cape cod health study: A retrospective cohort study

Association of prenatal and early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with polycystic ovary syndrome and other reproductive disorders in the cape cod health study: A retrospective cohort study

Childhood Fish Consumption and Learning and Behavioral Disorders

Prenatal drinking-water exposure to tetrachloroethylene and ischemic placental disease: a retrospective cohort study

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