Exposure to Macaque Monkey Bite

Johnston, William F.; Yeh, Jesson; Nierenberg, Richard; Procopio, Gabrielle

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.06.012

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Lastly, in recent decades, many patients with suspected BV infection are likely to have been treated prophylactically with antiviral drugs immediately after a BV exposure incident, leading to a lower detection rate of BV infection. [20] Due to the advances in biomedical technology in Asia, NHP is widely used for experimental research; however, the modalities for health monitoring and reproduction of pathogen-free macaques groups are far from perfect. [21] The occurrence and development of zoonotic BV infection depend on the intensity of exposure, viral load, and the immune status of the patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

Zhang¹

2022

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

Zhang¹

2022

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…In all cases of scratches and bites by NHP, medical consultation is needed. If it is assumed that it is not possible to predict which pathogen could be transmitted to humans during an incident involving a NHP, emergency physicians and medical professionals not familiar with the field of primatology must adopt an attitude based on the precautionary principle (221). In cases of suspected or proven exposures, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with anti-rabies immunoglobulins (not always available on site) should be started.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Disease Risk Across the Growing Human-Non Human Primate Interface: A Review of the Evidence

Devaux

Mediannikov

Medkour

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

106

101

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Most of the human pandemics reported to date can be classified as zoonoses. Among these, there is a long history of infectious diseases that have spread from non-human primates (NHP) to humans. For millennia, indigenous groups that depend on wildlife for their survival were exposed to the risk of NHP pathogens' transmission through animal hunting and wild meat consumption. Usually, exposure is of no consequence or is limited to mild infections. In rare situations, it can be more severe or even become a real public health concern. Since the emergence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), nobody can ignore that an emerging infectious diseases (EID) might spread from NHP into the human population. In large parts of Central Africa and Asia, wildlife remains the primary source of meat and income for millions of people living in rural areas. However, in the past few decades the risk of exposure to an NHP pathogen has taken on a new dimension. Unprecedented breaking down of natural barriers between NHP and humans has increased exposure to health risks for a much larger population, including people living in urban areas. There are several reasons for this: (i) due to road development and massive destruction of ecosystems for agricultural needs, wildlife and humans come into contact more frequently; (ii) due to ecological awareness, many long distance travelers are in search of wildlife discovery, with a particular fascination for African great apes; (iii) due to the attraction for ancient temples and mystical practices, others travelers visit Asian places colonized by NHP. In each case, there is a risk of pathogen transmission through a bite or another route of infection. Beside the individual risk of contracting a pathogen, there is also the possibility of starting a new pandemic. This article reviews the known cases of NHP pathogens' transmission to humans whether they are hunters, travelers, ecotourists, veterinarians, or scientists working on NHP. Although pathogen transmission is supposed to be a rare outcome, Rabies virus, Herpes B virus, Monkeypox virus, Ebola virus, or Yellow fever virus infections are of greater concern and require quick countermeasures from public health professionals.

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“…Bites from wild and captive macaques are known to transmit both rabies and herpes B viruses to humans [90,91]. Rapid treatment with rabies vaccine and anti-herpes drug such as acyclovir are therefore recommended [92,93,94]. Whether any of the enteric viruses described here pose any risks to humans is currently unknown but detection of these viruses in symptomatic humans in recent contact with cynomolgus macaques will be required to substantiate such theoretical risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Diversity and Novel Enteric Viruses in Fecal Viromes of Healthy Wild and Captive Thai Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Sawaswong

Fahsbender

Altan

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Cynomolgus macaques are common across South East Asian countries including Thailand. The National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University (NPRCT-CU) captures wild-borne cynomolgus macaque for research use. Limited information is available on the enteric viruses and possible zoonotic infections into or from cynomolgus macaques. We characterized and compare the fecal virome of two populations; healthy wild-originated captive cynomolgus macaques (n = 43) reared in NPRCT-CU and healthy wild cynomolgus macaques (n = 35). Over 90% of recognized viral sequence reads amplified from feces were from bacterial viruses. Viruses from seven families of mammalian viruses were also detected (Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Caliciviridae). The genomes of a member of a new picornavirus genus we named Mafapivirus, a primate chapparvovirus, and a circular Rep-encoding single-strand (CRESS) DNA virus were also characterized. Higher abundance of CRESS DNA viruses of unknown tropism and invertebrate-tropic ambidensovirus were detected in wild versus captive macaques likely reflecting dietary differences. Short term rearing in captivity did not have a pronounced effect on the diversity of mammalian viruses of wild cynomolgus macaques. This study is the first report of the fecal virome of cynomolgus macaques, non-human primates frequently used in biomedical research and vaccination studies.

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Exposure to Macaque Monkey Bite

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

Fatal progressive ascending encephalomyelitis caused by herpes B virus infection: first case from China

Infectious Disease Risk Across the Growing Human-Non Human Primate Interface: A Review of the Evidence

High Diversity and Novel Enteric Viruses in Fecal Viromes of Healthy Wild and Captive Thai Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

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