Exposure to Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Cellular Phone Radiofrequency Alters Gene Expression, Proliferation, and Morphology of Human Skin Fibroblasts

Pacini, Stefania; Ruggiero, Marco; Sardi, Iacopo; Aterini, Stefano; Gulisano, F; Gulisano, Massimo

doi:10.3727/096504002108747926

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…Induction of specific genes in cultured cells in response to mobile phone MWs has been reported [Goswami et al, 1999;Pacini et al, 2002]. Induction of the c-fos gene was observed in rat cerebral cortex at the thermal levels of exposure exceeding the specific absorbed rates (SARs), usually observed during mobile telephony [Hossmann and Hermann, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is growing evidence for nonthermal effects of MWs that suggests possible relationship of MW exposure with adverse health effects [Navarro et al, 2003;Santini et al, 2003;Hallberg and Johansson, 2004], immune response in human lymphocytes [Dabrowski et al, 2003], permeability of BBB in rat brains [Persson et al, 1997], increase in calcium ion efflux and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in brains of exposed rats [Paulraj and Behari, 2002], release of manganese and zinc ions in the serum of the exposed rats [Aksen et al, 2004], decreases in the reproductive capacity of Drosophila melanogaster [Panagopoulos et al, 2004], formation of dicentric chromosomes among mobile users [Gadhia et al, 2003], gene expression in human skin fibroblasts [Pacini et al, 2002], and stress response in human epithelial amnion (AMA) cells [Kwee et al, 2001]. Recent data provided evidence for neuronal damage in both the cortex, the hippocampus and the basal ganglia in the brains of exposed rats [Salford et al, 2003;Ilhan et al, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Belyaev

Koch

Terenius

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

110

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We investigated whether exposure of rat brain to microwaves (MWs) of global system for mobile communication (GSM) induces DNA breaks, changes in chromatin conformation and in gene expression. An exposure installation was used based on a test mobile phone employing a GSM signal at 915 MHz, all standard modulations included, output power level in pulses 2 W, specific absorption rate (SAR) 0.4 mW/g. Rats were exposed or sham exposed to MWs during 2 h. After exposure, cell suspensions were prepared from brain samples, as well as from spleen and thymus. For analysis of gene expression patterns, total RNA was extracted from cerebellum. Changes in chromatin conformation, which are indicative of stress response and genotoxic effects, were measured by the method of anomalous viscosity time dependencies (AVTD). DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Effects of MW exposure were observed on neither conformation of chromatin nor DNA DSBs. Gene expression profiles were obtained by Affymetrix U34 GeneChips representing 8800 rat genes and analyzed with the Affymetrix Microarray Suite (MAS) 5.0 software. In cerebellum from all exposed animals, 11 genes were upregulated in a range of 1.34-2.74 fold and one gene was downregulated 0.48-fold (P < .0025). The induced genes encode proteins with diverse functions including neurotransmitter regulation, blood-brain barrier (BBB), and melatonin production. The data shows that GSM MWs at 915 MHz did not induce PFGE-detectable DNA double stranded breaks or changes in chromatin conformation, but affected expression of genes in rat brain cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Belyaev

Koch

Terenius

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

110

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“…So far, there are a lot of investigations on biological responses to the EM (Electromagnetic) radiation. There is a wide range of data documenting the ability of EM radiation to affect the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cells both in vitro and in vivo with effects independent of thermal phenomena such as, altered cell growth [1], exocytosis [2], gene expression [3], chromosomal instability [4] and the expression of heat shock proteins [5,6]. The effects of EM radiations on human body are generally accepted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Radiation Injury of Red Blood Cells to Micowave Radiation with Different Power Density

Yong¹,

Ruan²,

Shen³

2013

ENG

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Multiple state-of-the-art techniques, such as multi-dimensional micro-imaging, fast multi-channel micro-spetrophotometry, and dynamic micro-imaging analysis, were used to dynamically investigate various effects of cell under the 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation. Cell changes in shape, size under different power density electromagnetic waves radiation were presented in this paper. Experimental results indicated that the isolated human red blood cells (RBCs) do not have obviously real-time responses to the ultra-low density (15 μW/cm 2 , 31 μW/cm 2 ) electromagnetic wave radiation when the radiation time is not more than 30 minutes; however, the cells do have significant reactions in shape, size to the electromagnetic waves radiation with power densities of 1 mW/cm 2 and 5 mW/cm 2 . The data reveals the possible influences and statistical relationships among living human cell functions, radiation amount and exposure time with high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The results of this study may be significant on protection of human being and other living organisms against possible radiation affections of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

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“…Considered as nonthermal GSM-RFR effects, yet with power absorptions of >1 W/Kg, are influences on human skin fibroblast morphology and cell cycle related gene expression [Pacini et al, 2002], on human endothelial cell stress responses [Leszczynski et al, 2002], as well as on chicken embryo hsp70 expression and cytoprotection against hypoxia [Di Carlo et al, 2002]. At the frequency and power density tested in this study, GSM-like RFR seems to have influenced the regulation of the expression of critical morphogenetic factors, such as the BMP related genes, in newborn rat kidneys after exposure to this type of radiation during the early stages of embryonal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone morphogenetic protein expression in newborn rat kidneys after prenatal exposure to radiofrequency radiation

Pyrpasopoulou

Kotoula

Cheva

et al. 2004

Bioelectromagnetics

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Effects of nonthermal radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of the global system of mobile communication (GSM) cellular phones have been as yet mostly studied at the molecular level in the context of cellular stress and proliferation, as well as neurotransmitter production and localization. In this study, a simulation model was designed for the exposure of pregnant rats to pulsed GSM-like RFR (9.4 GHz), based on the different resonant frequencies of man and rat. The power density applied was 5 mW/cm 2 , in order to avoid thermal electromagnetic effects as much as possible. Pregnant rats were exposed to RFR during days 1-3 postcoitum (p.c.) (embryogenesis, pre-implantation) and days 4-7 p.c. (early organogenesis, peri-implantation). Relative expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and their receptors (BMPR), members of a molecular family currently considered as major endocrine and autocrine morphogens and known to be involved in renal development, were investigated in newborn kidneys from RFR exposed and sham irradiated (control) rats. Semiquantitative duplex RT-PCR for BMP-4, -7, BMPR-IA, -IB, and -II showed increased BMP-4 and BMPR-IA, and decreased BMPR-II relative expression in newborn kidneys. These changes were statistically significant for BMP-4, BMPR-IA, and -II after exposure on days 1-3 p.c. (P <.001 each), and for BMP-4 and BMPR-IA after exposure on days 4-7 p.c. (P <.001 and P ¼.005, respectively). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) showed aberrant expression and localization of these molecules at the histological level. Our findings suggest that GSM-like RFR interferes with gene expression during early gestation and results in aberrations of BMP expression in the newborn. These molecular changes do not appear to affect renal organogenesis and may reflect a delay in the development of this organ. The differences of relative BMP expression after different time periods of exposure indicate the importance of timing for GSM-like RFR effects on embryonic development.

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Exposure to Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Cellular Phone Radiofrequency Alters Gene Expression, Proliferation, and Morphology of Human Skin Fibroblasts

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Monitoring the Radiation Injury of Red Blood Cells to Micowave Radiation with Different Power Density

Bone morphogenetic protein expression in newborn rat kidneys after prenatal exposure to radiofrequency radiation

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