Exposure to environmental concentrations of fipronil and 2,4-D mixtures causes physiological, morphological and biochemical changes in Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moreira, Raquel Aparecida; Rocha, Giseli Swerts; Silva, Laís Conceição Menezes da; Goulart, Bianca Veloso; Montagner, Cassiana Carolina; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; Espíndola, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111180

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…We also did not observe differences in the response of chlorophyll-a biomass to herbicide application. This is also consistent with past studies that show that 2,4-D has moderate toxicity to macrophytes but low toxicity to algae (Peterson et al, 1994;PPDB, 2020, but see Moreira et al, 2020), which significantly decreases its potential to cause negative bottom-up effects (H2) in temporary ponds in general. However, the non-lethal effects of 2,4-D could still have played an important role in our experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impacts of agrochemical intensification on the assembly and reassembly of a mainland-island model metacommunity

Pelinson¹,

Br²,

Em³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Many lentic aquatic environments are found embedded in agricultural fields, forming complex metacommunity structures. These habitats are vulnerable to contamination by agrochemicals, which can differentially affect local communities depending on the intensity and variability of species dispersal rates. We conducted a field experiment to assess how agrochemical intensification simulating the conversion of savannas into managed pastures and sugarcane fields affects freshwater community structure at different levels of spatial isolation. We constructed forty-five 1,200-L artificial ponds in a savanna landscape at three distances from a source wetland (30 m, 120 m, and 480 m). Ponds were spontaneously colonized by aquatic insects and amphibians and treated with no agrochemicals (savanna treatment), fertilizers (pasture treatment), or fertilizers and a single pulse of the insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4-D (sugarcane treatment) following realistic dosages and application schedules. The experiment encompassed the entire rainy season. Pasture communities were only slightly different from controls largely because two predatory insect taxa were more abundant in pasture ponds. Sugarcane communities strongly diverged from other treatments after the insecticide application, when a decrease in insect abundance indirectly benefitted amphibian populations. However, this effect had nearly disappeared by the end of the rainy season. The herbicide pulse had no effect on community structure. Spatial isolation changed community structure by increasing the abundance of non-predatory insects. However, it did not affect all predatory insects nor, surprisingly, amphibians. Therefore, spatial isolation did not change the effects of agrochemicals on community structure. Because agrochemical application frequently overlaps with the rainy season in many monocultures, it can strongly affect temporary pond communities. Ponds embedded in pastures might suffer mild consequences of fertilization by favoring the abundance of few predators through bottom-up effects. Ponds in sugarcane fields, however, might experience a decline in the insect population, followed by an increase in the abundance of amphibians tolerant to environmental degradation. Furthermore, we found no evidence that isolation by distance can change the general effects of chemical intensification, but future experiments should consider using real crop fields as the terrestrial matrix since they can represent different dispersal barriers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impacts of agrochemical intensification on the assembly and reassembly of a mainland-island model metacommunity

Pelinson¹,

Br²,

Em³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Moreover, the macrophyte Salvinia natans L. resisted 500 μM of 2,4-D and accumulated up to 63% within 48 h of exposure, showing a potential for phytoremediation (Dolui et al 2021). On the other hand, no effects are expected on microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata under our studied concentrations since 30 and 500 µg L −1 of 2,4-D did not interfere with cell density, size, growth rate, chlorophyll-a, nor lipids (Moreira et al 2020). Furthermore, the diatom Gomphonema spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Furthermore, pesticide mixtures, including 2,4-D and other herbicides, can synergistically affect aquatic communities at concentrations below 16 µg L −1 (Relyea 2009). In the last few years, several studies evaluated the 2,4-D toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, aquatic compartments, and life patterns, including the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (Moreira et al 2020), the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii (Silva et al 2020b), the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Pinto et al 2021c), the tropical amphipod Hyalella meinerti (Pinto et al 2021b), the tadpole Lithobates catesbeianus (Freitas et al 2019), and the fish Danio rerio and Hyphessobrycon eques (Moreira et al 2021). Documented effects of pesticides in non-target species are not surprising since these compounds can disturb physiological mechanisms that are essential for their survival and are common across habitats (Rydh Stenström et al 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Longitudinal Profile of a Stream Contaminated With 2,4-D and its Effects on Non-Target Species

Freitas

Ogura

Cunha

et al. 2021

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Pesticides can cause harmful effects to aquatic communities, even at concentrations below the threshold limit established as guidelines for the water bodies by environmental agencies. In this research, an input of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (i.e., 2,4-D) was simulated under controlled conditions in a 500-m-long reach of a first-order tropical stream in Southeastern Brazil. Two water samplings at eight stations investigated the stream longitudinal contamination profile. The ecotoxicological effects were analyzed using Eruca sativa L. seed germination assays and the acute and chronic toxicity tests with the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. Physicochemical parameters of water quality were evaluated to characterize the study area and quantify 2,4-D concentrations along the stream to assess pesticide retention. The 2,4-D concentration was reduced by approximately 50% downstream in the samplings, indicating that the herbicide was retained along the stream. Moreover, C. silvestrii reproduction in long-term assays decreased approximately 50% in the stations with higher concentrations of 2,4-D than the laboratory control. After contamination, E. sativa L. showed a lower average root growth (1.0 cm), statistically different from the control (2.2 cm). On the other hand, similar growth values were obtained among the background and the most downstream stations. Our study highlighted the relevance of reviewing and updating herbicide guidelines and criteria to prevent possible ecological risks.

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“…Para R. subcapitata apenas a avaliação de US EPA (1992) apresenta um valor de CE50-5 dias = 140 µg/L com relação a abundância. Em termos de efeito,Moreira et al (2020) observaram efeitos na densidade celular e na taxa de crescimento específico a partir de 125 µg/L. Em mistura com 2,4-D (entre 30 a 500 µg/L), os efeitos foram observados na taxa de crescimento específico apenas na concentração de 500 µg/L, demostrando antagonismo na mistura nestes dois parâmetros.Outra alga verde de água doce com valor de CE50 para fipronil é a espécie Scenedesmus acutus var.…”

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“…, sendo assim, os resultados obtidos já eram esperados. No entanto, para os outros parâmetros mais sensíveis (como tamanho, complexidade e clorofila a), esperava-se algum tipo de efeito a partir dos resultados obtidos emMoreira et al (2020), já que as concentrações Ceriodaphnia dubia (US EPA, 2020). No entanto, nos últimos anos existe um esforço para a utilização de espécies nativas na avaliação da .…”

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Avaliação dos efeitos ecotoxicológicos da vinhaça e de agrotóxicos utilizados na produção da cana-de-açúcar sobre espécies aquáticas tropicais

Silva¹

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Exposure to environmental concentrations of fipronil and 2,4-D mixtures causes physiological, morphological and biochemical changes in Raphidocelis subcapitata

Cited by 35 publications

References 54 publications

Impacts of agrochemical intensification on the assembly and reassembly of a mainland-island model metacommunity

Impacts of agrochemical intensification on the assembly and reassembly of a mainland-island model metacommunity

The Longitudinal Profile of a Stream Contaminated With 2,4-D and its Effects on Non-Target Species

Avaliação dos efeitos ecotoxicológicos da vinhaça e de agrotóxicos utilizados na produção da cana-de-açúcar sobre espécies aquáticas tropicais

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