Exposure to Cyber Victimization: Results from a Swiss Survey

Milani, Riccardo; Caneppele, Stefano; Burkhardt, Christine

doi:10.1080/01639625.2020.1806453

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The most frequently used social scientific and criminological accounts of risk factors of victimization are based on routine activity theory (RAT) (Cohen & Felson, 1979) and lifestyle-exposure theory (LET) (Hindelang et al, 1978). Although RAT and LET were originally developed to understand how routines and lifestyle patterns may lead to victimization in physical spaces, they have been applied in online environments (e.g., Milani et al, 2020;Räsänen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study

2021

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According to criminological research, online environments create new possibilities for criminal activity and deviant behavior. Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a habitual pattern of excessive use of social media platforms. Past research has suggested that PSMU predicts risky online behavior and negative life outcomes, but the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization is not properly understood. In this study, we use the framework of routine activity theory (RAT) and lifestyle-exposure theory (LET) to examine the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization. We analyze how PSMU is linked to cybercrime victimization experiences. We explore how PSMU predicts cybercrime victimization, especially under those risky circumstances that generally increase the probability of victimization. Our data come from nationally representative surveys, collected in Finland in 2017 and 2019. The results of the between-subjects tests show that problematic PSMU correlates relatively strongly with cybercrime victimization. Within-subjects analysis shows that increased PSMU increases the risk of victimization. Overall, the findings indicate that, along with various confounding factors, PSMU has a notable cumulative effect on victimization. The article concludes with a short summary and discussion of the possible avenues for future research on PSMU and cybercrime victimization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study

2021

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“…Näsi et al, 2015Näsi et al, , 2017van Wilsem, 2013), and that males have commonly been found to be more likely victims of other types of online offences (e.g. Bergmann et al, 2018;Milani et al, 2020;Näsi et al, 2015). Education and financial status do not appear to be more notable factors regarding online victimisation than they do in relation to offline crime.…”

Section: Cybercrime Victimisation and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This may reflect the qualitative differences between the least and most fluent internet users as the most skilled users tend to show more diverse use of online services (Hargittai, 2010;Hargittai & Hinnant, 2008, see also Cheng et al, 2020), suggesting that the most skilled internet users would also be more exposed to a wider variety of online offenders. However, a recent study by Milani and colleagues (Milani et al, 2020) found IT skills to have little impact with regard to cybervictimisation; thus, the role of user skills is somewhat mixed (see also Hawdon et al, 2020). We are therefore also keen to examine in our analysis how the level of online activity and thus visibility, level of user skills, along with level of user protection, associate with the risk of different forms of cybervictimisation as well as polyvictimisation.…”

Section: Cybercrime and Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There is some evidence suggesting that financial challenges serve as a risk factor for online victimisation in general (e.g. Näsi et al 2015;Oksanen & Keipi, 2013), whereas a recent study by Milani and colleagues (Milani et al, 2020), for example, found that higher education served as a risk factor for malware, fraud, and hacking victimisation.…”

Section: Cybercrime Victimisation and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…van de Weijer et al, 2017). This has resulted in one of the most systematic, and not altogether surprising finding that the more time spent online contributes to greater exposure to potential offenders and for victimisation (see also, Milani et al, 2020;Leukfeldt & Yar, 2016).…”

Section: Cybercrime and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cybercrime Victimisation and Polyvictimisation in Finland—Prevalence and Risk Factors

Näsi

Danielsson

Kaakinen

2021

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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This study examines the prevalence of different types of cybercrime victimisation and their shared risk factors among the population of Finland. We examine how respondents’ socio-economic background variables, past offline victimisation experiences, online activity, user skills, and protective measures impact the risk of the most common forms of online victimisation and online polyvictimisation. Our nationally representative survey data were collected from 5455 Finns aged 15 to 74 years (response rate 39%) as part of the Finnish National Crime Survey in 2018. According to our findings, the five most common forms of victimisation were malware, harassment, sexual harassment, hacking, and fraud. Online routines and exposure to potential offenders, along with past offline victimisation experiences, served as notable risk factors for a range of different victimisation experiences online. Our findings show slightly different SES risk factors for victimisation of different online offences, thereby indicating the diverse nature of different types of online victimisation. Our findings also show that young age, better financial situation, high internet use, and user skills, along with past offline victimisation of property crime and violence, associate with increased risk of online polyvictimisation. High user protection decreased the risk of online polyvictimisation.

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Guidelines for Developers and Recommendations for Users to Mitigate Phishing Attacks: An Interdisciplinary Research Approach

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2023

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

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Exposure to Cyber Victimization: Results from a Swiss Survey

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study

Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study

Cybercrime Victimisation and Polyvictimisation in Finland—Prevalence and Risk Factors

Guidelines for Developers and Recommendations for Users to Mitigate Phishing Attacks: An Interdisciplinary Research Approach

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