Exposure to Concentrated Coarse Air Pollution Particles Causes Mild Cardiopulmonary Effects in Healthy Young Adults

Graff, Donald W.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Rappold, Ana G.; Zhou, Haibo; Huang, Yuh‐Chin T.; Devlin, Robert B.

doi:10.1289/ehp.0900558

Cited by 87 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In rats and mice, exposure to coarse particles contributed to increased pulmonary inflammation [21,22]. In addition, an increase in inflammatory cells in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed in healthy young volunteers exposed to coarse particles [4,5]. Taken as a whole, our results are supported by both epidemiological and experimental evidence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Coarse particulate matter is typically classified as particulate matter measuring between 2.5 and 10 lm (PM 10-2.5 ) in diameter. Unlike fine particles, coarse particles do not reach the alveoli of the lungs [3] but are deposited along the bronchial tubes; they have been associated with pulmonary toxicity [4,5]. Although exposure to coarse particulate matter is also thought to adversely affect human health, there is no conclusive evidence of causal associations between short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter and mortality and morbidity [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka, Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study

Michikawa

Ueda

Takeuchi

et al. 2014

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives There is no conclusive evidence of adverse health effects caused by short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter, so in this case-crossover study we looked for an association between exposure and emergency ambulance dispatches (as a proxy of acute health outcomes). Methods We used data on emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka City, Japan between 2005 and 2010. After excluding ambulance dispatches related to external injuries and pregnancy/childbirth, we analyzed data on 176,123 dispatches. Citywide daily mean concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) were calculated from ambient monitoring data, and the differences between concentrations of SPM and PM 2.5 were used as an exposure surrogate of coarse particulate matter. Using a conditional logistic regression model, we estimated the ambient temperature and relative humidity adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per 10 lg/m 3 increase in coarse particulate matter. Results The average daily concentration of coarse particulate matter over the study period was 9.9 lg/m 3 , representing 33 % of the total concentration of SPM. Elevated concentrations of coarse particulate matter were associated with an increase in respiratory disease-related emergency ambulance dispatches for adults aged 65 years or older (9,716 dispatches, OR for lag0-1 = 1.065, 95 % confidence interval = 1.023-1.109). After additional adjustment for exposure to PM 2.5 , we observed a statistically non-significant increased risk (OR = 1.035, 0.986-1.086). Conclusions We found weak evidence of adverse effects of short-term exposure to coarse particulate matter on human health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka, Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study

Michikawa

Ueda

Takeuchi

et al. 2014

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Although not a direct comparison, Graff et al (2009) arrived at the conclusion that, in their studies of human beings (2 hours, 90 µg/m 3 ), exposure to coarse PM produces a measurable mild physiological response in healthy young volunteers that is similar in scope and magnitude to that of volunteers exposed to fine PM, suggesting that both size fractions are comparable in inducing cardiopulmonary changes in acute exposure settings. No other new evidence since 2005 has been published.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution -REVIHAAP". The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union. Keywords AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION -ADVERSE EFFECTS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES HEALTH POLICYAddress requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. ...

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“…Up to now, an association between PM 10 exposure and histological diagnosis, as we did in this study, has never been demonstrated. Only animal studies and some human studies, including only low numbers of subjects, attempted to link PM with airway neutrophilia in healthy adults (20,21). In most cases, the investigators used very high, acute exposures to PM, whereas we investigated the effect of real life levels in Flanders, Belgium, over several years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation Is Associated With Daily Changes in Air Pollution

Verleden

Scheers

Nawrot

et al. 2012

American Journal of Transplantation

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Exposure to Concentrated Coarse Air Pollution Particles Causes Mild Cardiopulmonary Effects in Healthy Young Adults

Cited by 87 publications

References 49 publications

Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka, Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study

Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka, Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Lymphocytic Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation Is Associated With Daily Changes in Air Pollution

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