Exposure to a maternal n-3 fatty acid-deficient diet during brain development provokes excessive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responses to stress and behavioral indices of depression and anxiety in male rat offspring later in life

Chen, Huifeng; Su, Hui-Min

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.006

Cited by 88 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…They examined FST behaviors at P70, a time point closer to adolescence, and concluded that only preweaning fi sh oil was effective in reducing immobility in the FST at that age. However, offspring in the postweaning supplemented group were obtained from dams provided fi sh oil; thus, any separate effects of postweaning supplementation beyond those attributable to supplementation during the preweaning period are truly not inferable from data reported in Chen and Su ( 89 ).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary DHA during development affects depression-like behaviors and biomarkers that emerge after puberty in adolescent rats

Weiser¹,

Wynalda²,

Salem³

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary DHA during development affects depression-like behaviors and biomarkers that emerge after puberty in adolescent rats

Weiser¹,

Wynalda²,

Salem³

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Another study on dietary intake of n-3 LC-PUFAs did not find any association with child behavior (7). Animal studies have shown that prenatal and not postnatal DHA deficiency was associated with increased depression and anxiety later in life (8). In humans, there is some indication that perinatal LC-PUFA status (either measured in cord blood or maternal blood during gestation) is associated with child behavior.…”

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confidence: 98%

Maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy and child problem behavior: the Generation R Study

et al. 2014

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Background: Omega 3 (n-3) and 6 (n-6) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and the n-3:n-6 ratio are important for brain development. Whether maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy affects risk of problem behavior in later childhood is unclear. Methods: Within a population-based cohort, we measured maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations and n-3:n-6-ratio in mid-pregnancy. Child emotional and behavioral problems at 6 y of age were assessed by parents (child behavior checklist), teachers (teacher report form), and combined parent/teacher report. results: Higher maternal DHA and n-3:n-6 ratio were associated with fewer child emotional problems using parent (odds ratio (OR) DHA = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96; P = 0.02 and OR n-3:n-6 = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96; P = 0.01; n = 5,307) and combined parent/teacher scores (OR DHA = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95; P = 0.01 and OR n-3:n-6 = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92; P < 0.01; n = 2,828). Higher AA was associated with more child behavioral problems using teacher (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.04; n = 3,365) and combined parent/teacher scores (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22; P = 0.02; n = 2,827). Maternal EPA was not associated with child problem behavior. conclusion: Indications of associations of maternal LC-PUFA status with child emotional and behavioral problems were found. Future research is needed to identify LC-PUFAsensitive periods of fetal brain development by including multiple assessments of prenatal LC-PUFA status. t wo families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the omega 3 (n-3) and 6 (n-6) fatty acids (FAs), are nutrients that play a major role in brain development and functioning. They affect numerous processes, including membrane fluidity, neurotransmission, and gene expression (1). The long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), and arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4n-6) are the main FAs that are metabolically active.In addition, the ratio between n-3 and n-6 FAs is important for optimal brain functioning. During the last century, however, the Western diet has provided a lower n-3 and higher n-6 intake than that in previous generations, diminishing the n-3:n-6 ratio (2).Because of their role in brain function and development, maternal LC-PUFAs during fetal development have been hypothesized to affect child problem behavior. Approximately half of the dry weight of the brain is lipid, of which 35% are PUFA, most of which is LC-PUFA (1). Increase in AA and DHA content of brain tissue starts during the third trimester of pregnancy (3), indicating that the fetal period possibly is a sensitive period. Moreover, the fetus mostly depends on maternal LC-PUFA supply for its development, because fetal LC-PUFA synthesis is limited (4).Research in this field is however scarce, and results are conflicting. Two studies on maternal fish intake, a major source of DHA, during pregnancy and offspring problem beha...

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“…Moreover, great variability in the time window and duration of administration was also present. Diets were administered either starting before mating (42,46), during gestation and lactation (37,43,45), after weaning (38), from pregnancy throughout adulthood (17,18,44), or across consecutive generations (41). Our findings further highlight the importance of the time window of administration in determining the detrimental behavioral effects of dietary ALA enrichment or deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Impairment in several aspects of learning and memory has been reported as a consequence of pre-and postnatal dietary n-3 deficiency (32-35), while a transient or maternal n-3 PUFA-deficient diet has been reported to induce depressive-and anxiety-like symptoms, as well as abnormal social behavior in adult offspring (17,18,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Notably, other studies found opposite or no effects of different n-3-deficient and -supplemented diets on behavior (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lifelong imbalanced LA/ALA intake impairs emotional and cognitive behavior via changes in brain endocannabinoid system

Zamberletti

Piscitelli²,

Castro

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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Imbalanced dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA content has been associated with a number of neurological conditions. Endocannabinoids are n-6 PUFA derivatives, whose brain concentrations are sensitive to modifications of fatty acid composition of the diet and play a central role in the regulation of mood and cognition. As such, the endocannabinoid system appears to be an ideal candidate for mediating the effects of dietary fatty acids on mood and cognition. Lifelong administration of isocaloric α-linolenic acid (ALA)-deficient and -enriched diets induced short-term memory deficits, whereas only dietary ALA enrichment altered emotional reactivity in adult male rats compared with animals fed a standard diet that was balanced in ALA/linoleic acid (LA) ratio. In the prefrontal cortex, both diets reduced 2-AG levels and increased MAG lipase expression, whereas only the enriched diet reduced AEA levels, simultaneously increasing FAAH expression. In the hippocampus, an ALA-enriched diet decreased AEA content and NAPE-PLD expression, and reduced 2-AG content while increasing MAG lipase expression. These findings highlight the importance of a diet balanced in fatty acid content for normal brain functions and to support a link between dietary ALA, the brain endocannabinoid system, and behavior, which indicates that dietary ALA intake is a sufficient condition for altering the endocannabinoid system in brain regions modulating mood and cognition

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Exposure to a maternal n-3 fatty acid-deficient diet during brain development provokes excessive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responses to stress and behavioral indices of depression and anxiety in male rat offspring later in life

Cited by 88 publications

References 49 publications

Dietary DHA during development affects depression-like behaviors and biomarkers that emerge after puberty in adolescent rats

Dietary DHA during development affects depression-like behaviors and biomarkers that emerge after puberty in adolescent rats

Maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy and child problem behavior: the Generation R Study

Lifelong imbalanced LA/ALA intake impairs emotional and cognitive behavior via changes in brain endocannabinoid system

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