Exposure of newborns to aflatoxin M1 and B1 from mothers’ breast milk in Ankara, Turkey

Gürbay, Aylin; Sabuncuoğlu, Suna; Girgin, Gözde; Şahin, Gönül; Yiğit, Şule; Yurdakök, Murat; Tekinalp, Gülsevin

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.016

Cited by 98 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These properties make the breast milk a unique nutrition source for infants and many authorities strongly encourage breastfeeding [6]. However, studies from different countries show that breast milk can contain different types and levels of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and fungal toxins such as mycotoxins due to maternal dietary exposures [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. These contaminants may potentially lead to negative effects on even infant health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metal Levels in Mothers Breast Milk in Famagusta, Cyprus

Kunter

Hürer

Gülcan

et al. 2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Breast milk contributes towards optimal nutrition for infants. However, studies showed that it can also contain different toxins and heavy metals, which reduce its health benefits. The aim of this study is to determine the level of contaminants such as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in breast milk samples from Famagusta, Cyprus. Correlations between moldy food consumption, smoking habits of the mothers, and contaminant levels in breast milk were also investigated. Breast milk samples from 50 lactating mothers in rural and urban areas of Famagusta District were analyzed for AFM1 by ELISA. Eighty percent of them were found to be contaminated with AFM1 with the mean measurement of 7.84 ± 1.72 ng/l. Socio-demographic status, moldy food consumption habits, and smoking status do not have any effect on the AFM1 levels observed in breast milk. Heavy metal levels in breast milk were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the mean measurements were1.19 ± 1.53 ppm for Pb, 0.73 ± 0.58 ppm for As, 0 ± 0.20 ppm for Hg, and 0.45 ± 0.23 ppm for Cd. This study indicates that the levels of these contaminants in breast milk samples obtained in Famagusta District are well within the acceptable levels. However, the presence of AFM1 and heavy metals still may pose risks for infant health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of AFB1 found in animal and human milk, and it is considered as a biomarker to aflatoxin B1 exposure for lactating mothers by contaminated foods [15,16,20,24,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metal Levels in Mothers Breast Milk in Famagusta, Cyprus

Kunter

Hürer

Gülcan

et al. 2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…From 85 to 100 % of children in African countries have either detectable levels of serum AF-alb or urinary aflatoxins (Gong et al 2002;Gong et al 2003;Gong et al 2004;Polychronaki et al 2008;Turner et al 2000;Turner et al 2003;Turner et al 2007;Wild et al 1990;Wild et al 1993). Several studies have also found AFB 1 and AFM 1 in excreted breast milk samples (Afshar et al 2013;El-Tras et al 2011;Gürbay et al 2010;Jonsyn et al 1995b;Polychronaki et al 2006;Polychronaki et al 2007;Sadeghi et al 2009;Tchana et al 2010).…”

Section: Cgiar Agricultural Research On Food Safety and Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International agricultural research to reduce food risks: case studies on aflatoxins

et al. 2015

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Despite massive expansion of human and livestock populations, fuelled by agricultural innovations, nearly one billion people are hungry and 2 billion are sickened each year from the food they eat. Agricultural and food systems are intimately connected to health outcomes, but health policy and programs often stop at the clinic door. A consensus is growing that the disconnection between agriculture, health and nutrition is at least partly responsible for the disease burden associated with food and farming. Mycotoxins produced by fungi are one of the most serious food safety problems affecting staple crops (especially maize and groundnuts).Aflatoxins, the best studied of these mycotoxins, cause around 90,000 cases of liver cancer each year and are strongly associated with stunting and immune suppression in children. Mycotoxins also cause major economic disruptions through their impacts on trade and livestock production. In this paper we use the case of fungal toxins to explore how agricultural research can produce innovations, understand incentives and enable institutions to improve, simultaneously, food safety, food accessibility for poor consumers and access to markets for smallholder farmers, thus making the case for research investors to support research into agricultural approaches for enhancing food safety in value chains. We first discuss the evolution of food safety research within the CGIAR. Then we show how taking an epidemiological and economic perspective on aflatoxin research connects health and nutrition outcomes. Finally, we present three case studies illustrating the traditional strengths of CGIAR research: breeding better varieties and developing new technologies.

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“…3,4 Since AFs mainly occur in tropical and subtropical regions where temperature and humidity are favorable for the growth of Aspergillus species and production of the toxins, 5 the greatest numbers of published studies regarding AFs occurrence are from Mediterranean and Middle East regions. 6 Even though environmental conditions in Serbia in previous decade were not favorable for Aspergillus growth and AFs production, 7,8 changes in weather conditions in Serbia during year 2012 had a great influence on the occurrence of AFs in maize 9,10 and AFM1 in milk samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ELISA, HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MS/MS Methods for Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Natural Contaminated Milk Samples

Kos

Hajnal²,

Jajić³

et al. 2016

ACSi

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Presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk should be continuously controlled in order to protect the population from risks associated with its proven toxicity and carcinogenicity. During recent years, there has been an increase in demand for development of sensitive, accurate, simple and fast method which is reliable for detection of AFM1 at low concentrations found in milk samples. For that purpose, enzyme linked immunosorbent asssay (ELISA), high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were optimized and validated in order to apply them for AFM1 analysis in naturally contaminated milk samples, and to assess the closeness of agreement between results of three different methods. The obtained validation parameters indicate that all three methods are suitable for determination of AFM1 in milk samples. The statistical analysis of variance between the methods and the obtained correlation coefficients indicate that there is a strong correlation between methods. All three methods are satisfactory in meeting the requirements for official control purposes. To the best of author's knowledge, this study represents the first report of an investigation and comparison of ELISA, HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MS/MS methods for determination of AFM1 in naturally contaminated milk samples.

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Exposure of newborns to aflatoxin M1 and B1 from mothers’ breast milk in Ankara, Turkey

Cited by 98 publications

References 29 publications

Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metal Levels in Mothers Breast Milk in Famagusta, Cyprus

Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metal Levels in Mothers Breast Milk in Famagusta, Cyprus

International agricultural research to reduce food risks: case studies on aflatoxins

Comparison of ELISA, HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MS/MS Methods for Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Natural Contaminated Milk Samples

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