Exposure of mussels to a polluted environment: Insights into the stress syndrome development

A multibiomarker approach to explore interactive effects of propranolol and fluoxetine in marine mussels

“…Such discrepancies between transcriptional and enzymatic responses of antioxidant mediators are not surprising, since these defenses do not vary in a synchronous way (reviewed in Regoli and Giuliani, 2014). Transcriptional responses represent functions at lower biological hierarchies; thus, they are more sensitive and respond faster to stressors than biomarkers at higher biological hierarchies (Franzellitti et al, 2010), given the delayed timing of post-transcriptional processes and protein synthesis (Regoli and Giuliani, 2014). It is also worth noting that mRNA expression analyses were directed towards specific CAT and GST isoforms (i.e.…”

“…AF527010), whereas enzymatic assays measured the total activity. As reported for other families of stressrelated proteins (Franzellitti et al, 2010;Franzellitti and Fabbri, 2005), different protein isoforms can be alternatively regulated to maintain a prompt response or minimize the adverse effects of the stress stimulus on the protein function itself.…”

Cyclic-AMP Mediated Regulation of ABCB mRNA Expression in Mussel Haemocytes

“…Although specific studies on TF binding activities and ABCB promoter function in mussels are not available, these findings do support the hypothesis that activity of the mussel ABCB promoter is linked to the cAMP/PKA pathway. Furthermore, the identification of heat shock elements (HSE) in the promoter region of mussel ABCB gene provides structural evidence that the ABCB transcript is co-expressed with HSP70 gene products in response to elevated temperatures or further stressors triggering HSF transactivation [49]–[52].…”

Adverse effects of wastewater discharges in reproduction, energy budget, neuroendocrine and inflammation processes observed in marine clams Ruditapes philippinarum

“…This species has been extensively used in biomonitoring (Morales-Caselles et al, 2008, Moschino et al, 2011 and sublethal studies (Buratti et al, 2010, Coughlan et al, 2009, Martín-Díaz et al, 2008b, 2007. Research on neuroendocrine responses in marine bivalves to stressors and their application in biomonitoring studies is not as extensive on biochemical biomarkers (Gagné at al., 2008 b, Matozzo andMarin, 2007).…”

“…Sensitivity of the molluscs to mixture of contaminants has been explored to evaluate chronic adverse effects of municipal effluents as biochemical and immunochemical responses (Box et al, 2007, Solé et al, 2009, Franzellitti et al, 2010, Gagné et al, 2011. Functional changes at cellular levels as neuroendocrine effects (monoamine oxidase activity -MAO, dopamine levels), inflammation (cyclooxygenase activity -COX), changes in reproduction (ALP levels) and energy status (total lipids content -TLP, mitochondrial electron transport -MET) were previously assessed in freshwater molluscs.…”