Exposure of hemodialysis patients to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

Faouzi, My El Abbés; Dine, T.; Gressier, Bernard; Kambia, K; Luyckx, M.; Pagniez, Dominique; Brunet, C.; Cazin, M.; Belabed, Abdelmadjid; Cazin, J. C.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00411-6

Cited by 109 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For instance, 90±931 mg BPA was detected in the saliva of patients treated with dental sealants (2), and 1.3±17200 mg/l BPA with a median concentration of 269 mg/l in hazardous waste land®ll leachates was collected in Japan (24). As much as 44.3±197.1 mg DEHP was extracted from the dialyzer during a single dialysis session (25). Therefore, BPA and/or DEHP may in¯uence human CYP3A expression in certain circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol-A, an environmental estrogen, activates the human orphan nuclear receptor, steroid and xenobiotic receptor-mediated transcription

Takeshita

Koibuchi

Oka

et al. 2001

European Journal of Endocrinology

122

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Background: There is increasing concern about endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may produce adverse health effects in humans and other species. One such chemical, bisphenol-A (BPA), a monomer of polycarbonate plastics, is widely used in consumer products; it has been reported to contain estrogenic activity through binding to estrogen receptors. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 3A4 (CYP3A4) is one of the key enzymes for the metabolism of endogenous steroids and foreign chemicals in liver. The orphan nuclear receptor, steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR/PXR), has recently been isolated. A variety of known inducers of CYP3A4 bind to SXR/PXR, and stimulate transcription on xenobiotic-response elements (XREs) located in the promoter region of the CYP3A4 gene. Recent study has shown that EDCs, diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and nonylphenol, but not BPA, induce mouse SXR/PXR-mediated transcription. However, it is known that species differences in SXR alter CYP3A inducibility. Objective: To test whether BPA stimulates human SXR/PXR-mediated transcription using reporter gene assays. Methods: Transfection assays were performed with human SXR/PXR expression plasmid and a reporter plasmid containing the XREs in the CYP3A4 gene promoter in HepG2 cells. BPA-induced interaction of human SXR/PXR with steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) was analyzed by mammalian two-hybrid assays. Results: BPA, as well as DEHP, activated human SXR-mediated transcription on the XREs. In mammalian two-hybrid assays, BPA recruited SRC-1 to the ligand-binding domain of human SXR/PXR. Conclusions: Our observations have indicated that BPA may be a human-speci®c inducer of the CYP3A4 gene, and may in¯uence the metabolism of endogenous steroids, drugs, and other xenobiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol-A, an environmental estrogen, activates the human orphan nuclear receptor, steroid and xenobiotic receptor-mediated transcription

Takeshita

Koibuchi

Oka

et al. 2001

European Journal of Endocrinology

122

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“…However, because phthalates are usual laboratory contaminants, human studies using the parent phthalates as biomarkers of exposure have been primarily limited to highly exposed populations (Ching et al 1981;Dirven et al 1993;Faouzi et al 1999;Mettang et al 1996;Pollack et al 1985). In 2000, we reported a novel approach, which uses phthalate monoester metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to phthalates (Blount et al 2000a).…”

Section: Measuring Human Exposure To Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers.

Barr

Silva

Kato

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

267

143

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Phthalates are a group of industrial chemicals with many commercial uses, such as solvents, additives, and plasticizers. For example, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is added in varying amounts to certain plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, to increase their flexibility. In humans, phthalates are metabolized to their respective monoesters, conjugated, and eliminated. However, despite the high production and use of DEHP, we have recently found that the urinary levels of the DEHP metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in 2,541 persons in the United States were lower than we anticipated, especially when compared with urinary metabolite levels of other commonly used phthalates. This finding raised questions about the sensitivity of this biomarker for assessing DEHP exposure. We explored the utility of two other DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), as additional DEHP biomarkers. These metabolites are formed by oxidative metabolism of MEHP. In urine from 62 people, both the range and the mean urinary levels of MEOHP and MEHHP were on average 4-fold higher than those of MEHP; the mean of the individual ratios of MEHHP/MEOHP, MEHHP/MEHP, and MEOHP/MEHP were 1.4, 8.2, and 5.9, respectively. These data suggest that MEOHP and MEHHP are more sensitive biomarkers of exposure to DEHP than is MEHP. These findings also suggest a predominant human metabolic route for DEHP hydrolysis to MEHP followed by oxidation of MEHP; they also imply that a similar mechanism may be relevant for other high-molecular-weight phthalates, such as di-n-octyl, di-isononyl, and di-isodecyl phthalates.

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“…that are contained in the fluids coming in contact with PVC-P [6,[18][19][20][21]. Migration of drug (e.g., insulin, vitamin E, acetate diazepam, and nitroglycerin) into plastics may lead to the drug concentration going below the therapeutic level [22].…”

Section: Introduction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl chloride) and Poly(e-caprolactone) Blends for Medical Use

Rusu

Ursu

Rusu

2006

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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This study examines the possibility of replacing partially or totally the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP -low molecular plasticizer) from the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compositions intended for medical devices, with poly("-caprolactone) (PCL -biodegradable, biocompatible, and macromolecular plasticizer). Nine different plasticized PVC (PVC-P) compositions are analyzed from the viewpoint of thermal and mechanical properties, plasticizer loss, and extraction behavior in different medical media. After comparing the experimental results with the data from the literature, corresponding to traditional PVC-P, it can be concluded that the PCL and even PCL-DEHP mixture behave as better plasticizers for PVC, providing a lower extraction risk and similar or even improved thermal and mechanical properties.KEY WORDS: poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), plasticizers, poly("-caprolactone) (PCL), plasticizer loss, extraction behavior in different medical media.

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Exposure of hemodialysis patients to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

Cited by 109 publications

References 33 publications

Bisphenol-A, an environmental estrogen, activates the human orphan nuclear receptor, steroid and xenobiotic receptor-mediated transcription

Bisphenol-A, an environmental estrogen, activates the human orphan nuclear receptor, steroid and xenobiotic receptor-mediated transcription

Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers.

Poly(vinyl chloride) and Poly(e-caprolactone) Blends for Medical Use

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