Exposure estimates using urban plume dispersion and traffic microsimulation models

Brown, Michael J.; Mueller, Carl J.; Bush, Brian; Stretz, Paula E.

doi:10.2172/564119

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Short-term personal exposure E(t) in a period of time t can be expressed as [12] where C(t) is the pollutant concentration in a specifi c time t in μg/m 3 , C i is the discrete concentration in cellule I in μg/m 3 and t i is the time of exposure in cellule I in seconds.…”

Section: Short-term Pedestrian Personal Exposure Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of pedestrian short-term exposure on a high traffic city street

Garcia¹,

Cerdeira²,

Tavares³

et al. 2014

Int. J. SDP

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This article studies the infl uence of building street geometry, wind direction, daily car traffi c and pedestrian trajectories in short-term personal exposure to PM 10 on a street canyon in Barreiro City, Portugal. An automatic system for the analysis of traffi c profi les, a Gaussian model for the determination of traffi c emissions (ADMSUrban) and a computational fl uid dynamics model (ANSYS Fluent) to simulate the dispersion of pollutants inside a street canyon were used. Buildings height, width, length and geometry, as well as the distance between the buildings and road width were tested. Besides the real actual geometry of the street, with the real disposition and volumetric confi guration of buildings, three scenarios were evaluated: (i) gaps of 4 m between the buildings along the street; (ii) gaps of 6 m between the buildings along the street and (iii) same height and width for all buildings along the street without gap between buildings. Wind direction, wind velocity and four pedestrian trajectories were considered. The results show that PM 10 concentration, at 1.5-m high plane, is highly dependent on street geometry and wind conditions for along-canyon wind directions (west and east wind). Lower concentration levels are obtained for confi guration (iii) because this geometry promotes the dispersion of pollutants under along-canyon wind direction. For cross-canyon wind directions (north and south), confi guration (i) results in lower PM 10 concentrations. There are no visible improvements in having higher gaps between buildings (confi guration ii). Short-term pedestrian personal exposure is dependent on the pedestrian trajectory considered inside the canyon. Pedestrian trajectories that correspond to crossing the road in the centre of the street result in the highest values.

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Section: Short-term Pedestrian Personal Exposure Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of pedestrian short-term exposure on a high traffic city street

Garcia¹,

Cerdeira²,

Tavares³

et al. 2014

Int. J. SDP

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“…Emergency response and traffic issues resulting from accidental or premeditated airborne toxic releases in an urban setting were analyzed in this work. Atmospheric and vehicle transportation simulations were used to study the movement of a plume in an urban setting and the resulting exposure to vehicles being driven through the plume (Brown, Muller, & Stretz, 1997). At the time we conducted this study, the Los Alamos TRANSIMS 7 team was focusing on the transportation system of the Dallas-Forth Worth metropolitan area; because of this, we decided to study a hypothetical scenario in this area.…”

Section: Vulnerability Pilot Studies Airborne Toxic Release and Vehicle Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Cities

Heiken¹,

Valentine²,

Brown³

et al. 2000

Public Works Management & Policy

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The vulnerability of urban populations to crises, poor urban decision making, or terrorism means that city stability is a national security issue. And as cities continue to grow, their components are becoming increasingly intertwined, forcing public works officials to treat urban systems as a “system of systems.” The Urban Security Initiative is an integrated, science-based approach that will link computer models of a range of urban processes so that managers can better understand urban interdependencies, make realistic predictions of city vulnerability and sustainability, and improve planning and management. Several pilot studies are also focusing on urban issues where environment, infrastructure, and society are linked, including (a) transportation and toxic plumes crises; (b) earthquake damage to infrastructure and city regrowth after such disasters; (c) pollution’s effects on airborne transport of particulates and their eventual fate in surface water and groundwater; and (d) a novel, computer-based technique for obtaining consensus on difficult urban issues with large numbers of stakeholders.

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Wind loads in urban areas

Plate

Kiefer

2001

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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Exposure estimates using urban plume dispersion and traffic microsimulation models

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of pedestrian short-term exposure on a high traffic city street

Analysis of pedestrian short-term exposure on a high traffic city street

Modeling Cities

Wind loads in urban areas

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