Wind loads in urban areas

Plate, Erich J.; Kiefer, Harald

doi:10.1016/s0167-6105(01)00159-3

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Wind damage to structures arises from static and dynamic, or gust, wind loads [Plate and Kiefer, 2001]. Because of frictioninduced gustiness, the wind damage potential is likely larger to trees in an urban environment than to those in undisturbed forests.…”

Section: Wind Damage and Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 90, Number 25, 23 June 2009

2009

EoS Transactions

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Section: Wind Damage and Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 90, Number 25, 23 June 2009

2009

EoS Transactions

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“…To design and size wind-driven natura ventilation strategies for thermal comfort it is necessary to know beforehand, not only the prevailing wind direction and velocity, but how the free airflow is changed locally by the surrounding built-up area to, then, design building's volumetric shape, choose façade materials, size and specify openings, and design the occupant's internal layout, shafts, atriums and any vertical space connection diving or impacting in the natural ventilation strategies for buildings in the urban environment (Masi and Ochoa 2005). When the boundary wind from uniformly flat and constant terrain roughness reaches suburban and urban areas, the boundary develops adopting a profile related to its new characteristic terrain roughness (Figure 3) (Plate and Kiefer, 2001). Although the complexity of the airflow field and the ABL development over urban areas are not just related to two or three terrain roughness types, since the complex tri-dimensional geometry of urban centres allied to the intermittent nature of the airflow and gust speed and direction provides myriad variables, an assortment of mathematical expressions provides models for calculating a two-dimensional mean wind speed profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIRFLOW IN URBAN CANYONS: a comparison of CFD calculated results with values from physical models with reduced scale tested in a wind tunnel

Faria

2024

A21

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O dimensionamento de estratégias para ventilação natural por pressão de vento para conforto térmico exige uma boa compreensão de vários efeitos climáticos urbanos regionais até os mecanismos do microclima urbano na escala de quadras e edificações. Embora os efeitos de vento impingindo perpendicularmente a blocos isolados sejam conhecidos, poucos estudos abordam ventos paralelos e diagonais a cânions urbanos com várias proporções entre a altura dos blocos e a largura das vias. Este artigo apresenta uma comparação realizada entre resultados calculados com simulações de CFD com valores medidos obtidos com experimentos físicos em um túnel de vento para dois blocos paralelos utilizando várias proporções e para três direções de vento (perpendicular, paralelo e obliquo). Resultados quantitativos para velocidade e direção do vento e coeficientes de pressão e resultados qualitativos para visualização dos efeitos de vento são apresentados e analisados. As simulações de CFD reproduzem as principais características do fluxo de vento ao redor e entre os blocos de forma eficaz. Os resultados também destacam as limitações das simulações de CFD na reprodução de efeitos de desprendimentos e recolocação do fluxo de vento, embora os padrões observados tenham sido identificados para as mesmas configurações de cenários na simulação de CFD e na visualização utilizando bolhas de hélio do túnel de vento. Por outro lado, as simulações CFD identificam velocidade, pressão e turbulência em qualquer direção e região do modelo, permitindo uma avaliação complexa e precisa do problema. Concluindo, a comparação dos resultados calculados com as simulações de CFD com os valores medidos nos experimentos físicos realizados com o túnel de vento apresenta uma consistente correspondência, fornecendo parâmetros adotados nas etapas de pré-processamento, resolução e pós-processamento para futuros modelos computacionais similares.

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“…There have been a significant number of studies relating to the urban environment investigating topics including building loads, 3 the aerodynamic characteristics of trees, 4 pollutant dispersal 5 and human comfort. 6 Despite the large database of wind engineering information that currently exists, it is unsuitable for use in understanding urban UAV flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characterisation of a gust generator for aerodynamic testing

Saddington

Finnis

Knowles

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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An experimental investigation was conducted to characterise the gust environment generated by a cascade of sinusoidally oscillating vanes in the Cranfield University 1.52 m by 1.14 m low-speed, open-jet, closed-circuit wind tunnel operating at 7.5 ms À1 and 14.5 ms À1 . Measurements were made at four stream-wise and three vertical positions in the flow-field downstream of the vanes using a cross-wire anemometer. The oscillation angle of the vanes was set at AE8 and AE12 with frequencies of 0.5 Hz, 1.0 Hz and 2.0 Hz corresponding to a reduced frequency of between 0.01 and 0.07. The vertical components of velocity and turbulence intensity were shown to be consistent for the range of measurement points chosen. The peak vertical velocity component downstream of the vanes was shown to be proportional to the maximum vane angle of attack but largely independent of reduced frequency.

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Wind loads in urban areas

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 90, Number 25, 23 June 2009

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 90, Number 25, 23 June 2009

AIRFLOW IN URBAN CANYONS: a comparison of CFD calculated results with values from physical models with reduced scale tested in a wind tunnel

The characterisation of a gust generator for aerodynamic testing

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