Exposure assessment of dogs to mycotoxins through consumption of dry feed

Bissoqui, Lucas Y; Frehse, Michele Salmon; Freire, Roberta Lemos; Ono, Mário Augusto; Bordini, Jaqueline Gozzi; Hirozawa, Melissa Tiemi; Oliveira, Andressa Jacqueline de; Ono, Elisabete Y. S.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.7615

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…For DON and fumonsin B1, 9/12 dry grain foods were above detection limits while 8/12 samples were positive for fumonsin B2 and 4/12 samples tested positive for zearalenone (Table 3). These results are consistent with findings from studies conducted in Austria [4,15], Italy [16], and Brazil [8]. None of the 60 samples tested had concentrations above the detection limits for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, HT-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, or T-2 toxin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A study conducted in Brazil also reported low-levels of multiple mycotoxins in dry dog foods [8]. In all four of these studies mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species of fungi were most common, often contaminating the same dog food with three different types of mycotoxins [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raw grains, feed ingredients, and finished feed are governed by specific regulatory guidelines [6,7] but mycotoxin contamination is particularly difficult to avoid because mycotoxins are relatively robust to heat and chemical inactivation processes in downstream processing steps [7,8]. A study conducted in Poland found multiple mycotoxins in dry veterinary diets for dogs [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of mycotoxin concentrations in grain versus grain-free dry and wet commercial dog foods

Tegzes

Oakley

Brennan

2019

Toxicology Communications

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Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that cause both acute and chronic disease in humans and animals. Grains are a common substrate for molds and the production of mycotoxins. This study compared mycotoxin concentrations between grain and grain-free commercial dog foods. In total, 60 samples of dry and wet dog foods produced by five major manufacturers within the US were purchased from pet food retailers in southern California. A standard mycotoxin panel was performed by a reference laboratory in Seattle using industry standard methodology for pet foods. Results of the study demonstrated measurable mycotoxin concentrations in dry dog foods containing grains but not in grain-free dry dog foods, or in wet foods either containing grains or grain-free. This study suggests that the risk of mycotoxin exposure is higher in dry dog foods containing grains. To mitigate this risk, dog food manufacturers could incorporate grains that are categorized as US No. 1 by the USDA and therefore less susceptible to mycotoxin formation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of mycotoxin concentrations in grain versus grain-free dry and wet commercial dog foods

Tegzes

Oakley

Brennan

2019

Toxicology Communications

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“…It is assumed that the concentration of ergosterol lower than 3 μg/g confirms a good product quality and, in our study, only 17% of samples exceeded this level [67]. In agricultural research, it is assumed that acceptable ERG level cannot exceed 7.0 µg/g [68]. Our studies indicated that ergosterol concentrations were below this limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The lowest average content of ZON has been described by Hołda and Głogowski [71]: 3.11 ng/g, and the highest—by Böhm et al (2010)—80 ng/g [70]. The highest concentration of ZON in the sample was found by Bissoqui et al [68] and it was equal to 442.2 ng/g. Gazzotti et al [32] observed similar contamination of premium dog food (10 ng/g) to those presented in the our study (8.14 ng/g).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins Contaminating Veterinary Diets for Dogs and Cats

et al. 2019

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Veterinary diets are intended for diseased animals and may contain cereal grains, mainly maize and/or wheat. These, in turn, are often infected with pathogens of the Fusarium genus, which are able to produce numerous harmful mycotoxins. Forty-two samples of veterinary diets for dogs and cats were analyzed for the presence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. Species were identified using molecular methods and the ergosterol and mycotoxins (fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone) were quantified using HPLC methods. Two Fusarium species were identified: Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides. The highest concentrations of fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone were 74.83, 2318.05, 190.90, and 45.84 ng/g, respectively. Only 9.5% of the samples were free from Fusarium mycotoxins. The acceptable limits of mycotoxin content in animal feed, specified by the EU regulations, were not exceeded in any of the samples tested. The mean mycotoxin content in veterinary diets for cats was lower than for dogs. Thus, it is recommended that veterinary diets are examined, since the mycotoxin contamination pose additional risk to animal health. The knowledge on Fusarium occurrence in veterinary diets is scarce and as far as we are aware this is the first report concerning the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and their important secondary metabolites—mycotoxins—in different types of veterinary diets for companion animals in Poland.

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Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: A review on toxicity and detoxification methods

Yang

Cai

et al. 2023

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Exposure assessment of dogs to mycotoxins through consumption of dry feed

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of mycotoxin concentrations in grain versus grain-free dry and wet commercial dog foods

Comparison of mycotoxin concentrations in grain versus grain-free dry and wet commercial dog foods

Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins Contaminating Veterinary Diets for Dogs and Cats

Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: A review on toxicity and detoxification methods

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