Exposición de peatones a la contaminación del aire en vías con alto tráfico vehicular

Abstract

Objective To describe the demographic, social, physical and mental health factors associated with the functional capacity of older adults in the Department of Antioquia in 2012. Materials and Methods A descriptive study with the records of 4 248 adults aged 60 years or more as the population, surveyed in the Department of Antioquia, in 2012. They were asked about their functional capacity through a Katz survey consisting of 6 items. With the independent variables, frequency measurements were calculated, along with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95 % CI. Results Being single, widowed or separated, presenting little or no educational level (66.4 %), suffering from hypertension (56.7 %), diabetes (16.8 %) and bone problems (22.0 %), cigarette smoking (64.6 %), nutritional risk, suffering from depression (20.1 %), or anxiety and cognitive impairment (49.6 %), impact negatively on functional capacity of older adults in Antioquia. However, younger ages, active social lives, and proper use of leisure strengthen good functional capacity in the same population group. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that there are demographic factors of physical and mental health that negatively affect the functional capacity of older adults. Therefore, training them on the issue, in order to recognize these factors and their influence on the weakening of functional capacity, is required.

Biochemical and Functional Characteristics of Elderly Female Residents in the Rural and Urban Sectors of Yumbe, Chile

“…The functional capacity levels found in the study were lower than those found in a sample of Brazilian, Colombian and Polish elderly women [8,21,22]. According to the normative references of Rikli and Jones [10], the elderly women in our study had belownormal results in an index between weak and very weak.…”

Biopsychosocial Characteristics of Elderly Adults of Latin America: Strategies of Physical Activity for the Functional Health

“…Levels of schooling are similar to those reported in a study that demonstrated that schooling levels in the majority of this population vacillate around 5 years, Biopsychosocial Characteristics of Elderly Adults of Latin America: Strategies of Physical… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99476 which is a possible cause of the above-mentioned higher number of women who dedicate the majority of their time to households and may come across fewer opportunities to finish basic studies [35]. Schooling levels were higher in the research with 84% of SCs having finished elementary school [36], as well as in the study with 66.4% of SCs having finished elementary school [37]. This data may be attributed to the higher number of male participants in these studies, which for cultural reasons present with a higher education level.…”

“…When reviewing the numbers based on category, mild and moderate cognitive deterioration was less compared to those in elderly's in Antioquia (mild deterioration at 49.6% and moderate deterioration at 31.5%). The higher rates of risk of mild or moderate cognitive deterioration may be related to the fact that elderly' s present with higher rates of depression [37] in addition to the prevalence of morbidity higher than three ailments, which could function ace to risk for factor decrease in functionality, occurrence of depression, and cognitive deficit [46]. The risk data for cognitive deterioration are similar for elderly' s in this study and those in Queretaro, Mexico, which was expected because the variables of age, schooling, and the existence of chronic ailments in these studies presented related prevalence [47].…”

Efecto del Parque Automotor en el Nivel de Contaminación por Dióxido de Carbono en la Ciudad de Puno

“…En la actualidad la emisión de gases del parque automotor genera la contaminación del aire que viene siendo uno de los problemas ambientales más severos (MINAM, 2014); siendo la contaminación del aire una amenaza aguda, acumulativa y crónica para el medioambiente (Segura-Contreras & Franco, 2016), mostrando efectos adversos a la salud humana (Ballester Díez et al, 1999). Los problemas de contaminación del aire son reconocibles en una amplia gama de escalas espaciales, siendo quizás el más pequeño de estos a la escala de calles (Harrison et al, 2014).…”