Exporting by migrants and indigenous entrepreneurs: contingent on gender and education

Ashourizadeh, Shayegheh; Schøtt, Thomas; Şengüler, Ece Pişkinsüt; Wang, Yi

doi:10.1504/ijbg.2016.075736

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Research has supported the idea that individual characteristics may affect an SME owner's export behaviour (Ashourizadeh et al, 2016;Dhanaraj & Beamish, 2003;Gashi et al, 2014). Many scholars have argued over whether gender and immigrant background affect owners' export behaviour.…”

Section: Gender Immigrants and Exporting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior study suggested that an individual's characteristics can affect the decision-making of a firm. Because of the growing competition among SMEs, gender has become an important topic within global SMEs studies (Ashourizadeh, Schøtt, Şengüler, & Wang, 2016).…”

Section: • Female-owned Smesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many scholars have argued over whether gender and immigrant background affect owners' export behaviour. For instance, male versus female, immigrant versus non-immigrant, or export as one strategy (Ashourizadeh et al, 2016;Brush & Hisrich, 1991;Orser et al, 2010;Powell & Ansic, 1997;Reavley et al, 2005;Sonfield et al, 2001). Nevertheless, most of the prior research focused on comparing these factors individually.…”

Section: Gender Immigrants and Exporting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do Gender and Immigrant Background Affect a Company Owner's Decision to Engage in Direct or Indirect Exporting?

Wang¹

2022

Preprint

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This research focuses on understanding the effects of gender and immigrant ownership on the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Prior studies indicate that female and male entrepreneurs have different qualities or experiences that might result in different export strategies. In addition, there is evidence that business owners with an immigrant background have export-enabling characteristics. Drawing on insights from social capital theory, I investigate the separate and joint effects of gender and immigrant background on the likelihood of SMEs to engage in direct exporting—i.e., selling goods or services directly to foreign customers—as opposed to indirect exporting—i.e., using an intermediary to sell goods or services to foreign customers—or not exporting at all. I analyzed a sample of 78 SMEs. The results show that female-majority-owned SMEs are less likely to export directly compared to male-majority-owned SMEs. Immigrant-owned SMEs are more likely to export directly, and particularly when they have male owners. Female-majority-owned SMEs’ propensity to export directly is not affected when their owners have an immigrant background. I will discuss the theoretical implications of these findings and show how they may serve as a guide to improve the design and implementation of policies targeted at immigrant export businesses.

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Section: Gender Immigrants and Exporting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Female-owned Smesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gender Immigrants and Exporting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do Gender and Immigrant Background Affect a Company Owner's Decision to Engage in Direct or Indirect Exporting?

Wang¹

2022

Preprint

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“…The positive conceptualisation of transnational migrant entrepreneurship builds on the notion of "dual embeddedness", which posits that migrant entrepreneurs have a competitive advantage (Elo & Vincze, 2019;Emontspool & Servais, 2017) due to their ability to access "economic resources, education and social networks, and exposure to social lifestyles" in the home and host countries (Dahles, 2013, p. 386) For some authors this unique position drives innovation (Harima, 2014), success (Ojo, 2012), development (Ashourizadeh et al, 2016), emancipation (Villares-Varela & Essers, 2019), prestige (Ottati, 2014), and socioeconomic integration (Lin & Tao, 2012).…”

Section: Specific Advantages Of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship: Perspectives on Unequal Spatialities

Sandoz

Mittmasser

Riaño

et al. 2022

ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography

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The spatialities of migrant entrepreneurship have changed dynamically in recent decades. Movements and exchanges transcend national borders more than ever, and transnational migrant entrepreneurship has become a burgeoning field of research. Yet, knowledge is dispersed across disciplines, and an understanding of contemporary spatialities is limited. We review 155 articles published in English, French, German, and Spanish since 2009, thereby providing an overview of existing knowledge on transnational migrant entrepreneurship and suggesting avenues for future research. We identify five current topical areas of research: (1) the business advantages of transnational migrant entrepreneurship, (2) the determinants of becoming a transnational migrant entrepreneur, (3) the transnational networks of migrants, (4) the economic impacts of transnational migrant entrepreneurship on home and host countries, and (5) whether local environments enable or deter entrepreneurial success. Building on our synthesis of the most recent literature, we propose three crucial dimensions which have been under-researched in past and current work, and which address the diversity of geographical locations, spatial connections, and spatial mobilities involved in transnational migrant entrepreneurship. Moreover, we put forward a set of questions for future research which will advance a comprehension of unequal opportunities among transnational migrant entrepreneurs.

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“…Moreover, their international experience can be turned into an important asset for their firms, if they can take advantage of and develop existing ethnic business networks or networks with their home countries (Kulchina, 2017). For instance, a recent studies show that immigrant entrepreneurs export more than indigenous ones (Ashourizadeh et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2020). This third potential benefit stemming from immigrant entrepreneurship is connected to the main research objective of this study: it aims to investigate what is the role of different types of business ties and their economic importance for the immigrant-run business ventures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational ties and performance of immigrant firms: evidence from Central Italy

Brzozowski

Cucculelli

2020

IJEBR

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of transnational business ties (i.e. ties with the country of origin) and to investigate their impact on the economic performance of immigrant firms.Design/methodology/approachBased on the representative survey conducted among 259 foreign-born immigrant entrepreneurs in Marche region (Central Italy), the study investigates the determinants of having transnational ties with countries of origin. Then it compares the effect of transnational ties and the effect of alternative domestic ethnic business ties on the performance of immigrant firms.FindingsThis study demonstrates that having transnational ties is more likely for individuals with former entrepreneurial experience in the home countries and with higher education acquired in Italy. The performance of immigrant firms in the 2014–2016 period (measured by the level of revenues) is positively related to transnational ties – this effect is very strong and significant. On the other hand, reliance on the domestic ethnic ties (i.e. ties with co-ethnic population in Italy) is one of the key factors that inhibits further growth of immigrant enterprises.Originality/valueThis study advances the understanding of how immigrant entrepreneurs create transnational business ties with their home countries. Additionally, this research contributes to the existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurship, by explaining the role of heterogeneous business ties: transnational connections, domestic ties with co-ethnic partners and ties with individuals from native population (in this case: Italy) for the entrepreneurial performance. Consequently, it offers recommendations for policy-makers willing to encourage entrepreneurial activities of immigrants in host countries and to their counterparts in home countries, who are planning to use the advantage diaspora entrepreneurial potential for the benefit of their economies.

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Exporting by migrants and indigenous entrepreneurs: contingent on gender and education

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

How do Gender and Immigrant Background Affect a Company Owner's Decision to Engage in Direct or Indirect Exporting?

How do Gender and Immigrant Background Affect a Company Owner's Decision to Engage in Direct or Indirect Exporting?

A Review of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship: Perspectives on Unequal Spatialities

Transnational ties and performance of immigrant firms: evidence from Central Italy

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