Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia

Jaffe, Daniel A.; Prestbo, Eric M.; Swartzendruber, P.; Weiss-Penzias, P. S.; Kato, S.; Takami, Akinori; Hatakeyama, Shiro; Kajii, Yoshizumi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.030

Cited by 344 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, the mean Hg concentration observed in Seoul was 3.2 ± 2.1 ng m À3 [Kim et al, 2009]. The Hg concentration at Hedo station, Okinawa, Japan, measured during the spring 2004 ranged from 1.4 ng m À3 to 4.7 ng m À3 [Jaffe et al, 2005]. These sites are relatively close to the areas with large population and therefore subject to the influence of anthropogenic emissions.…”

Section: Atmospheric Concentrations Of Tgm Gom and Pbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and potential sources of atmospheric mercury at a subtropical near‐coastal site in East China

et al. 2015

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To evaluate the impact of regional mercury (Hg) emissions and understand possible source regions of atmospheric Hg in Eastern China, 2 year observation for speciated atmospheric Hg was conducted at the Dameishan Atmospheric Observatory, a mountain site near the east coast of China. The observed concentration of total gaseous Hg (TGM) was 3.3 ± 1.4 ng m À3 . During the sampling period, gaseous oxidized Hg and particulate bound Hg were 6.7 ± 4.3 pg m À3 and 180 ± 110 pg m À3 in winter and 5.9 ± 3.4 pg m À3 and 130 ± 100 pg m À3 in spring, respectively. The relatively high mean concentration of TGM was mainly caused by regional anthropogenic emissions and occasional long-range transport from domestic source regions. Seasonal variation in the TGM concentration was observed with lower values in the wet monsoon season (from May to September) and higher values in the dry monsoon season (from October to April). Backward trajectories and potential source contribution function analysis suggested that anthropogenic Hg emission from coal combustion in the Yangtze River Delta region was the most likely cause for the elevated TGM concentrations. Relatively clean air originating from the East China Sea was the most possible cause for the observed low TGM concentrations. Positive correlation between TGM concentration and air quality index suggests that emissions that influenced regional air quality contributed to the elevated TGM concentrations.

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Section: Atmospheric Concentrations Of Tgm Gom and Pbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and potential sources of atmospheric mercury at a subtropical near‐coastal site in East China

et al. 2015

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“…The mean concentrations of GEM for the three cruises in the Yellow Sea were 2.13 ng m À3 , which are higher than the North Hemispheric background regions (e.g., 1.5-1.7 ng m À3 , Ebinghaus et al, 2002;Sprovieri et al, 2010) and slightly higher than Hedo Station in the open ocean of the East China Sea (2.04 ng m À3 , Jaffe et al, 2005). This indicates that the anthropogenic Hg emission has substantially enhanced the GEM concentration over the downwind region of East Asia.…”

Section: Gem In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, during the two cruises in the north of the Yellow Sea (37°N-39°N, 122°E-124°E), the R/V navigated along the coast of China and the Korean Peninsula, where is the most important anthropogenic Hg emission source region in the world (Pacyna et al, 2010;Streets et al, 2005). However, the GEM concentration in this period generally fell in 1.2-1.7 ng m À3 , reflecting the regional background GEM concentration of East Asia (Jaffe et al, 2005;Ci et al, 2011a;Fu et al, 2010). The back-trajectory analysis showed that, in the spring cruise the air masses Tseng et al (2012Tseng et al ( , 2013) Summer 32 ± 8 2.8 ± 0.4 29.6 ± 0.3 5.5 ± 0.2 4.8 ± 1.0 Fall 24 ± 8 3.6 ± 0.6 27.8 ± 0.5 8.6 ± 1.5 6.1 ± 1.8 Winter 12 ± 6 4.5 ± 1.5 23.9 ± 0.5 9.6 ± 0.6 À1.5 ± 1.0 sampled from Station B01 to B19 originated from the Sea of Japan and crossed the Korea Strait and the north of the Yellow Sea before reaching the R/V (Fig.…”

Section: Gem In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in air and surface waters of the Yellow Sea during late spring and late fall 2012: Concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and air/sea flux

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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“…These concentrations were significantly higher than those in the Northern Hemisphere background region (1.50-1.75 ng m −3 , Ebinghaus et al 2002) Nguyen et al 2007Nguyen et al , 2010, the island of Okinawa (2.04 ng m −3 , Jaffe et al 2005), and the open water of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea (~2-3 ng m −3 , Ci et al 2011aCi et al , d, 2015Wang et al 2016).…”

Section: Hg(0) In Atmospherementioning

confidence: 80%

Air–sea exchange of gaseous mercury in the tropical coast (Luhuitou fringing reef) of the South China Sea, the Hainan Island, China

Zhang

Wang

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The air-sea exchange of gaseous mercury (mainly Hg(0)) in the tropical ocean is an important part of the global Hg biogeochemical cycle, but the related investigations are limited. In this study, we simultaneously measured Hg(0) concentrations in surface waters and overlaying air in the tropical coast (Luhuitou fringing reef) of the South China Sea (SCS), Hainan Island, China, for 13 days on January-February 2015. The purpose of this study was to explore the temporal variation of Hg(0) concentrations in air and surface waters, estimate the air-sea Hg(0) flux, and reveal their influencing factors in the tropical coastal environment. The mean concentrations (±SD) of Hg(0) in air and total Hg (THg) in waters were 2.34 ± 0.26 ng m −3 and 1.40 ± 0.48 ng L −1 , respectively. Both Hg(0) concentrations in waters (53.7 ± 18.8 pg L −1 ) and Hg(0)/THg ratios (3.8 %) in this study were significantly higher than those of the open water of the SCS in winter. Hg(0) in waters usually exhibited a clear diurnal variation with increased concentrations in daytime and decreased concentrations in nighttime, especially in cloudless days with low wind speed. Linear regression analysis suggested that Hg(0) concentrations in waters were positively and significantly correlated to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (R 2 = 0.42, p < 0.001). Surface waters were always supersaturated with Hg(0) compared to air (the degree of saturation, 2.46 to 13.87), indicating that the surface water was one of the atmospheric Hg(0) sources. The air-sea Hg(0) fluxes were estimated to be 1.73 ± 1.25 ng m −2 h −1 with a large range between 0.01 and 6.06 ng m −2 h −1 . The high variation of Hg(0) fluxes was mainly attributed to the greatly temporal variation of wind speed.

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Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia

Cited by 344 publications

References 34 publications

Characteristics and potential sources of atmospheric mercury at a subtropical near‐coastal site in East China

Characteristics and potential sources of atmospheric mercury at a subtropical near‐coastal site in East China

Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in air and surface waters of the Yellow Sea during late spring and late fall 2012: Concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and air/sea flux

Air–sea exchange of gaseous mercury in the tropical coast (Luhuitou fringing reef) of the South China Sea, the Hainan Island, China

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