Explosives standoff detection using Raman spectroscopy: from bulk towards trace detection

Pettersson, Anna; Wallin, Sara; Östmark, Henric; Ehlerding, Anneli; Johansson, Ida; Nordberg, M.; Ellis, Hanna; Al-Khalili, A.

doi:10.1117/12.852544

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These are essentially the same instrumental requirements as those of LIBS, and both are often used together [118][119][120][121]. Very good signal-to-noise has been obtained for bulk explosive materials (tens of gram quantities) in single-shot [122] and multiple-pulse [123] spectra measured beyond 100 m in daylight conditions, and at 470 m for multiple-pulse measurement (1-10 s) during heavy rainfall [124,125].…”

Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A fiber array can transform the image into a linear stripe along the spectrometer slit, which enables hyperspectral image reconstruction in software [79]. The spectrometer can be replaced with a scanning liquid crystal filter [124,126] or Fabry-Perot interferometer [112] to enable two-dimensional imaging with spectra acquired over many pulses. Alternatively, point detection can be simply scanned to construct an image [127].…”

Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased dramatically since publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis [Moore DS, Goodpaster JV, Anal Bioanal Chem 395:245-246, 2009]. Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. Part I discussed methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. This part, Part II, will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.

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Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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“…However, these methods have some disadvantages such as low sensitivity, low detection specificity and need for elevated working temperatures. Raman spectroscopy (RS), which is a rapid, sensitive and low temperature method of detection, has also been used for the detection of DNT vapors [22]. RS has been proven to be a reliable technique for the detection of various compounds due to its non-destructive nature and ability to provide signature vibrational fingerprints of target molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravure printed flexible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) vapor

Sepehr

Eshkeiti

Narakathu

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Please cite this article in press as: S. Emamian, et al., Gravure printed flexible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) vapor, Sens. Actuators B: Chem. (2014), http://dx. a b s t r a c tAn efficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate was successfully fabricated by gravure printing a thin film of silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) ink, with average particle size of 150 nm, on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet. The feasibility of the printed SERS substrate for detecting explosive organic compounds such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), in vapor phase, was investigated. The SERS based response of the printed substrate demonstrated an enhancement factor of four in the intensity of the Raman signal of DNT vapor when compared to target molecules adsorbed on bare PET. An 85% decrease in the intensity of the Raman spectrum was also observed as the temperature increased from 25 • C to 65 • C. The results obtained show the efficiency of the gravure printed SERS substrate to be used in applications for the detection of explosive organic compounds.

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“…However, these methods may not always be specific and sensitive enough. Raman spectroscopy (RS), a low temperature based analytical process, has been used to provide fast and real time signature vibrational fingerprints for the detection of DNT vapor [10]. The working of RS can be described based on simultaneous absorption and emitting of photons due to the interaction of light with target molecule [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) using gravure printed surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) flexible substrate

Sepehr

Eshkeiti

Narakathu

et al. 2014

IEEE SENSORS 2014 Proceedings

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In this work, gravure printing was used to fabricate a thin film of silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet as an efficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. The printed SERS substrate was used for the detection of an explosive organic compound: 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), in vapor phase. An enhancement factor of four, in the intensity of the Raman spectrum of DNT vapor, was observed when compared to target molecules absorbed on bare PET. An increase in temperature, from 25 • C to 65 • C, demonstrated an 85 % decrease in the intensity of the Raman signal. The results obtained show the capability of the printed SERS substrate to be used in applications for the detection of explosive organic compounds.

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Explosives standoff detection using Raman spectroscopy: from bulk towards trace detection

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

Gravure printed flexible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) vapor

Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) using gravure printed surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) flexible substrate

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