Explosives detection systems (EDS) for aviation security

Singh, Sameer; Singh, Maneesha

doi:10.1016/s0165-1684(02)00391-2

Cited by 255 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Essentially there are four major approaches available for the inspection of screened baggage (Butler & Poole, 2002, Singh & Singh, 2003, including: manual hand search (sometimes 4 referred to as 'pat-down'); sniffer dogs; Trace Explosives Detection (TED); Automated X-ray inspection including certified explosives detection systems.…”

Section: Security Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key issue highlighted by Singh & Singh (2003) is that baggage contents fall into two major categories: solid (or liquid) and textile objects (ie clothing, cloth-based objects). In terms of easy identification of potential hazards against benign objects, either by machine or operator, this produces a number of confusing issues: the textile may appear (at least in 2D projection)…”

Section: Icao Annex 17 Of April 2003 'Security -Safeguarding Internatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1998 the FAA announced it would use SPEARS for training and that it may be used by airlines to aid the recruitment of suitable screening staff. This was succeeded by the Threat Image Projection (TIP) system (Singh and Singh, 2003) which can randomly project threat objects from a large database numbering several thousand. TIP was planned to be a standard feature integrated into all Xray baggage inspection systems used in US airports by 2003.…”

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decision pertinence critically dependent on quality of information provided 19 during screening process. Potential performance can be improved by enhancing the performance of on-screen aides, via the development of improved features and classification performance (Singh & Singh, 2003). Relatively poor performance has been found with monochrome screens, as used by and others in earlier assessment work, which can be largely attributed to the limitations of the then available technology.…”

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage

Wells

Bradley

2012

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

214

116

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Section: Security Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Icao Annex 17 Of April 2003 'Security -Safeguarding Internatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage

Wells

Bradley

2012

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

214

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…An x-ray source and a detector array are rotated around the object to produce a diverse collection of tomographic slices. For example, ∼1000 projections at different angles are needed 4 in order to reconstruct a two-dimensional (2-D) image of size 1000 × 1000 pixels by a system with a detector array of size 1024. Since this approach can be slow due to its physical motion requirement, an alternative "rectangular fixed gantry" (RFG) system employs 25 x-ray sources arranged around the object with associated detector arrays to collect the transmitted photons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography imaging system design for shape threat detection

2016

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Abstract. In the first part of this work, we present two methods for improving the shape-threat detection performance of x-ray computed tomography. Our work uses a fixed-gantry system employing 25 x-ray sources. We first utilize Kullback-Leibler divergence and Mahalanobis distance to determine the optimal single-source single-exposure measurement. The second method employs gradient search on Bhattacharyya bound on error rate (P e ) to determine an optimal multiplexed measurement that simultaneously utilizes all available sources in a single exposure. With limited total resources of 10 6 photons, the multiplexed measurement provides a 41.8× reduction in P e relative to the single-source measurement. In the second part, we consider multiple exposures and develop an adaptive measurement strategy for x-ray threat detection. Using the adaptive strategy, we design the next measurement based on information retrieved from previous measurements. We determine both optimal "next measurement" and stopping criterion to insure a target P e using sequential hypothesis testing framework. With adaptive single-source measurements, we can reduce P e by a factor of 40× relative to the measurements employing all sources in sequence. We also observe that there is a trade-off between measurement SNR and number of detectors when we study the performance of systems with reduced detector numbers.

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Photonics for Explosives Detection

Soma

Shaik

Moram

2019

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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In this article, we present an overview of the various photonic aspects involved in different techniques for explosives detection on field and in the lab. We confine this synopsis to only laser‐based techniques for detecting explosive molecules in point or proximal setup (laser source and detectors are in the proximity of sample) and in standoff mode (laser and detectors are at certain distance from the sample). The techniques considered in this overview are (a) laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), (b) Raman spectroscopy and its variants [surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and spatial offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS)], (c) terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, and (d) photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). Various photonic aspects related to these techniques such as (i) laser sources used and the future requirements, (ii) detectors employed at present and improvements required, (c) design and advances in variety of optics used for illuminating, collimating, collecting, focusing, etc., and (d) integration of all these components for the creation of efficient portable devices for explosives detection in the laboratory and field are discussed in detail. We also present results obtained through some of our efforts toward trace and standoff explosives detection using SERS and femtosecond LIBS techniques, respectively.

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Explosives detection systems (EDS) for aviation security

Cited by 255 publications

References 71 publications

A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage

A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage

Computed tomography imaging system design for shape threat detection

Photonics for Explosives Detection

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