Explosive spread F caused by lightning-induced electromagnetic effects

Liao, Chungpin; Freidberg, J.P.; Lee, M.C.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(89)90032-9

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the other hand, establishing causality between lightning acoustic and electromagnetic transients far from the source is not straightforward. Although connections between thermospheric gravity waves and lightning have been suggested (e.g., Chiu et al, 1979;Liao et al, 1989;Kaladze et al, 2008), a positive correlation is possibly due to deep convective activity in thunderstorms. Davis and Johnson (2005) identify a lightning-induced intensification of sporadic-E. Because no ionospheric response to low-pressure systems without lightning is detected, they conclude that sporadic-E localized intensification can be attributed to lightning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

et al. 2011

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Investigation of coupling mechanisms between the troposphere and the ionosphere requires a multidisciplinary approach involving several branches of atmospheric sciences, from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and fulminology to aeronomy, plasma physics, and space weather. In this work, we review low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation in the Earthionosphere cavity from a troposphere-ionosphere coupling perspective. We discuss electromagnetic wave generation, propagation, and resonance phenomena, considering atmospheric, ionospheric and magnetospheric sources, from lightning and transient luminous events at low altitude to Alfven waves and particle precipitation related to solar and magnetospheric processes. We review in situ ionospheric processes as well as surface and space weather phenomena that drive troposphere-ionosphere dynamics. Effects of aerosols, water vapor distribution, thermodynamic parameters, and cloud charge separation and electrification processes on atmospheric electricity and electromagnetic waves are reviewed. We also briefly revisit ionospheric irregularities such as spread-F and explosive spread-F, sporadic-E, traveling ionospheric disturbances, Trimpi effect, and hiss and plasma turbulence. Regarding the role of the lower boundary of the cavity, we review transient surface phenomena, including seismic activity, earthquakes, volcanic processes and dust electrification. The role of surface and https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120011991 2018-05-12T18:35:14+00:00Z atmospheric gravity waves in ionospheric dynamics is also briefly addressed. We summarize analytical and numerical tools and techniques to model low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation and solving inverse problems and summarize in a final section a few challenging subjects that are important for a better understanding of tropospheric-ionospheric coupling mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

et al. 2011

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“…In this particular case, the emission will only cross the ionosphere if plasma density irregularities are induced by intense lightning or by the TLE. Radars have already observed field-aligned plasma density striations, also called explosive spread F, resulting from lightning-induced EM effects (Liao et al 1989;Lonnqvist et al 1993). Therefore it can be considered that an emission at high frequencies produced in the lower ionosphere could be observed at the DEMETER altitudes during thunderstorm activity.…”

Section: Burst Of Lightning Associated With V-shaped Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

DEMETER Observations of EM Emissions Related to Thunderstorms

Parrot¹,

Berthelier²,

Lebreton³

et al. 2008

Space Sci Rev

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The paper is related to specific emissions at frequency <3 MHz observed by the low altitude satellite DEMETER in relation with the thunderstorm activity. At its altitude (∼700 km), the phenomena observed on the E-field and B-field spectrograms recorded by the satellite are mainly dominated by whistlers. Particular observations performed by DEMETER are reported. It concerns multiple hop whistlers and interaction between whistlers and lower hybrid noise. Two new phenomena discovered by the satellite are discussed. First, V-shaped emissions up to 20 kHz are observed at mid-latitude during night time. They are centered at the locations of intense thunderstorm activity. By comparison with VLF saucers previously observed by other satellites in the auroral zones it is hypothesized that the source region is located below the satellite and that the triggering mechanism is due to energetic electrons accelerated during sprite events. Second, emissions at frequency M. Parrot ( ) · J.L. Rauch 512 M. Parrot et al. ∼2MHz are observed at the time of intense whistlers. These emissions are produced in the lower ionosphere in probable relation with Transient Luminous Events (TLEs).

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“…[4] Other authors [Kelley et al, 1984;Liao et al, 1989] have examined the growth of a two-stream or a parametric instability, which could be caused by the lightning induced whistler waves, and in turn could explain the explosive Spread F. These papers used midlatitude ionospheric electric field measurements on rockets [Kelley et al, 1984] or remote sensing by radars at the equator (both papers) to build the theoretical analysis. However, until the present work, there have been few in situ VLF electric field measurements at the equator inside the altitude regimes where spread F or explosive spread F phenomena have been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning-generated whistler waves observed by probes on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System satellite at low latitudes

et al. 2011

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Direct evidence is presented for a causal relationship between lightning and strong electric field transients inside equatorial ionospheric density depletions. In fact, these whistler mode plasma waves may be the dominant electric field signal within such depletions. Optical lightning data from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite and global lightning location information from the World Wide Lightning Location Network are presented as independent verification that these electric field transients are caused by lightning. The electric field instrument on C/NOFS routinely measures lightning‐related electric field wave packets or sferics, associated with simultaneous measurements of optical flashes at all altitudes encountered by the satellite (401–867 km). Lightning‐generated whistler waves have abundant access to the topside ionosphere, even close to the magnetic equator.

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Explosive spread F caused by lightning-induced electromagnetic effects

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms

DEMETER Observations of EM Emissions Related to Thunderstorms

Lightning-generated whistler waves observed by probes on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System satellite at low latitudes

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