Explosive Cyclogenesis in the West-Central North Atlantic Ocean, 1981–84. Part I: Composite Structure and Mean Behavior

Sanders, Frederick

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1781:ecitwc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 171 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…It was also noted that the data set is quite representative of the typical weather over the area. It is worth mentioning that the evolution of the rapidly deepening storms in this set compares quite well with the ones described by Sanders (1986) based on the period 1981-1984. A number of mesoscale structures were also observed, including fronts, precipitation bands, rain-snow boundaries and heavy snow.…”

Section: Continental and Mesoscale Model Performancesupporting

confidence: 77%

Numerical forecasting of winter coastal storms during CASP: Evaluation of the regional finite‐element model

et al. 1989

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Section: Continental and Mesoscale Model Performancesupporting

confidence: 77%

Numerical forecasting of winter coastal storms during CASP: Evaluation of the regional finite‐element model

et al. 1989

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“…During this phase Klaus crossed the jet to its poleward side, and its rapid development began as it exited the maximum velocity region. While such 'bombs' are not uncommon over the NA Basin (Sanders, 1986;Trigo, 2006), they are very rare this far south . The intensification of Klaus was also probably supported by the split jet streak and associated strong upper-air divergence between the two jets.…”

Section: Box 2 Cyclone Development and Jet Streaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klaus – an exceptional winter storm over northern Iberia and southern France

Liberato

Pinto

Trigo

et al. 2011

Weather

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The synoptic evolution and impacts of storm ‘Klaus’ that affected Europe on 23–24 January 2009 are assessed. Klaus was the costliest weather hazard event worldwide during 2009. Peak wind gusts reached 55ms‐1 (107kn), accompanied by heavy rain, snow and flooding across Northern Iberia and southern France. Klaus underwent explosive development between the Azores and the Iberian Peninsula at an unusually low latitude. This development was supported by an extended and intense polar jet across the North Atlantic Basin, strong upper‐air divergence associated with a second jet streak and an extraordinary export of tropical moisture into the genesis region. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society

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“…Since the mid-and upper-level troughs are crucial for the development of surface cyclogenesis, several studies were made with the objective of identifying preferential areas of formation, dissipation, and displacement of the troughs in the Northern (Sanders 1988;Lefevre and Nielsen-Gammon 1995;Dean and Bosart 1996) and Southern (Keable et al 2002;Fuenzalida et al 2005;Piva et al 2008a) Hemispheres.…”

Section: Studies Of South American Cyclogenesis Have Shown That Mid-amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be noted that with the exception of type A, all other cyclone categories have the upper-level trough as a precursor. Sanders (1986Sanders ( , 1988 suggested that all type-A cyclones should be classified as type B, because they form predominantly over the oceans where there is not enough upper-level information to observe the trough precursor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of Winter Troughs Entering South America

Piva

Gan

Rao

2010

Monthly Weather Review

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The energetics and behavior of midtropospheric troughs over the Southern Hemisphere and their re lationship with South America surface cyclogenesis were studied during the winters of 1999-2003. All surface cyclogenesis situations over Uruguay and adjacent areas associated with 500-hPa troughs were analyzed. The atmospheric circulation associated with type-B and type-C cyclones form the basis for two composites: composite B (with 25 cases) and composite C (with 13 cases). The results showed that the midtropospheric troughs were more intense in composite C than in composite B before the surface cyclogenesis and that the opposite occurred during the surface cyclogenesis. The baroclinic conversion was dominant in both com posites. In composite B. the ageostrophic flux convergence (AFC) contributed positively to the intensification of the surface cyclone since it imported energy into the area before the cyclogenesis started. But in composite C, the AFC served as a sink because it exported energy. Based on these results, it can be concluded that (i) the trough was crucial for the cyclogenesis; (ii) the variables in the mid-and upper levels did not differ signifi cantly from one composite to another; (iii) the northerly heat and moisture flow acted as a preconditioning for the cyclogenesis, mainly for composite C; (iv) the baroclinic conversion dominated the energetics: and (v) the AFC had only a secondary role, contributing negatively to the development of the cyclone in composite C and positively to the initial development in composite B.

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Explosive Cyclogenesis in the West-Central North Atlantic Ocean, 1981–84. Part I: Composite Structure and Mean Behavior

Cited by 171 publications

References 0 publications

Numerical forecasting of winter coastal storms during CASP: Evaluation of the regional finite‐element model

Numerical forecasting of winter coastal storms during CASP: Evaluation of the regional finite‐element model

Klaus – an exceptional winter storm over northern Iberia and southern France

Energetics of Winter Troughs Entering South America

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