Explosion dynamics of pyroclastic eruptions at Santiaguito Volcano

Johnson, J. B.; Harris, Andrew; Sahetapy-Engel, Steve T.; Wolf, R. P. Escobar; Rose, William I.

doi:10.1029/2003gl019079

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The summit structure and activity of the currently active Caliente dome is controlled by the slow upward movement of a stiffened plug of dacite in a central conduit leading to both extrusion of a lava flow as well as periodic ash-and-gas eruptions (Bluth and Rose 2004;Johnson et al 2004;Sahetapy-Engel et al 2004;Johnson et al 2008;Sahetapy-Engel et al Sahetapy-Engel and Harris 2008); the structure of the other lava domes has not been well studied. Sapper and Termer (1930a) made early observations of endogenous growth of the dome complex in the 1920s, but multiple dome units and lava flows have erupted since (Rose 1972b;Rose 1987b;Harris et al 2003Harris et al , 2004.…”

Section: (Harrismentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards

et al. 2013

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A combination of field mapping, geochemistry, and remote sensing methods has been employed to determine the extent of hydrothermal alteration and assess the potential for failure at the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala. The 90-year-old complex of four lava domes has only experienced relatively small and infrequent dome collapses in the past, which were associated with lava extrusion. However, existing evidence of an active hydrothermal system coupled with intense seasonal precipitation also presents ideal conditions for instability related to weakened clay-rich edifice rocks. Mapping of the Santiaguito dome complex identified structural features related to dome growth dynamics, potential areas of weakness related to erosion, and locations of fumarole fields. X-ray diffraction and backscattered electron images taken with scanning electron microscopy of dacite and ash samples collected from around fumaroles revealed only minor clay films, and little evidence of alteration. Mineral mapping using ASTER and Hyperion satellite images, however, suggest low-temperature (<150°C) silicic alteration on erosional surfaces of the domes, but not the type of pervasive acid-sulfate alteration implicated in collapses of other altered edifices. To evaluate the possibility of internal alteration, we re-examined existing aqueous geochemical data from dome-fed hot springs. The data indicate significant water-rock interaction, but the Na-Mg-K geoindicator suggests only a short water residence time, and δ 18 O/δD ratios show only minor shifts from the meteoric water line with little precipitation of secondary (alteration) minerals. Based on available data, hydrothermal alteration on the dome complex appears to be restricted to surficial deposits of hydrous silica, but the study has highlighted, importantly, that the 1902 eruption crater headwall of Santa María does show more advanced argillic alteration. We also cannot rule out the possibility of advanced alteration within the dome complex interior that is not accessible to the methods used here. It may therefore be prudent to employ geophysical methods to make further assessments in the future.

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Section: (Harrismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current activity at Santiaguito is focused at the Caliente vent (Fig. 1b), where slow lava extrusion and regular Vulcanian explosions occur at the dome summit (Venzke et al 2002(Venzke et al -2012Johnson et al 2004Johnson et al , 2008Sahetapy-Engel et al 2008).…”

Section: Santiaguito Lava Dome Complex At Santa Maríamentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards

et al. 2013

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“…Alternatively the author focused the radiative heat energy of ejected volcanic cloud, which would be proportional to the mass of the essential materials during continuous eruptions. The radiative energy has been shown to be correlated with some eruptive parameters of ejected materials (Johnson et al, 2004;Scharff et al, 2008). Inevitably, here is evaluating whether the estimated thermal energies are correlated with the contracted volume of the ground.…”

Section: Released Radiative Thermal Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…according to Johnson et al (2004) and Scharff et al (2008), where is the emissivity (0.9), σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67×10…”

Section: Released Radiative Thermal Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to properly consider this issue, continuous observations from permanent stations are also needed. In recent years, continuous field observations of the thermal characteristics of volcanic eruptions have been attempted at a number of volcanoes (Harris et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2004;Ripepe et al, 2005;Patrick et al, 2007), and several types of sensors have been employed, including a spot-targeting infrared thermometer and an infrared thermal imaging camera. Most of these observations have been conducted over periods of a few hours or days, and there are very few reports of permanent observation stations collecting data suitable for comparing and investigating changes in volcanic activity at time scales of weeks to months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous thermal monitoring of the 2008 eruptions at Showa crater of Sakurajima volcano, Japan

Yokoo

2009

Earth Planet Sp

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An infrared thermal monitoring system installed 3.5 km from the Showa crater of Sakurajima volcano, Japan, enabled the capture of continuous thermal waveform data at 1 Hz during two recent episodes of eruptive activity. The eruptions were characterized by a sudden increase in volcanic cloud temperature in the first 2-5 s, followed by gradual cooling over a few minutes. The maximum cloud temperature varied widely between individual events with a range of more than 180• C. A positive relation between the maximum temperature and the exit velocity of the cloud has also been established. At higher temperatures and faster exit velocities of the volcanic cloud, the eruptions tend to be accompanied by pyroclastic density currents. However, no strong correlation was observed in a 6-month period of 2008 between temporal changes in surface manifestation of eruptive activity and the change of cloud temperatures. Identification of factors that control such observed apparent temperatures of volcanic cloud would lead to a better understanding of the thermodynamics of the eruption itself.

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Characterization and interpretation of volcanic activity at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, using observations of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery

Lopez

Fee

Prata

et al. 2013

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[2] A multiparameter data set including measurements of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery is used to characterize and interpret diverse volcanic activity observed during field campaigns in August 2011 and July 2012 at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Four activity types are visually identified and characterized according to: SO 2 emission rate, ash mass, event duration, peak temperature, thermal radiation energy, infrasound onset and frequency, reduced infrasonic pressure, and acoustic energy. These activity types include: (1) ash explosions, (2) pulsatory degassing, (3) gas jetting, and (4) explosive eruption. Unique infrasound signals are associated with all four activity types suggesting that infrasound can be used to help remotely and continuously detect and characterize volcanic activity at Karymsky and other similar volcanoes. Our observations suggest that SO 2 is emitted continuously, though in varying abundance, while ash is emitted discontinuously and is only associated with certain types of activity. Our data set supports previous models that attribute variations in surface activity to changes in conduit permeability at Karymsky Volcano. Evidence for a decrease in conduit permeability as a trigger for ash explosions and explosive eruption activity types is supported by weakened but still detectable SO 2 emission rates prior to eruption, along with the highly impulsive infrasonic onset and large reduced infrasound pressure indicating high pressure at the vent. We speculate that changes in conduit permeability at Karymsky Volcano result from changes in magma supply from the shallow-crustal storage region though additional measurements are required to validate this hypothesis.

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Explosion dynamics of pyroclastic eruptions at Santiaguito Volcano

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards

An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards

Continuous thermal monitoring of the 2008 eruptions at Showa crater of Sakurajima volcano, Japan

Characterization and interpretation of volcanic activity at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, using observations of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery

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