Exploring typhoon variability over the mid-to-late Holocene: evidence of extreme coastal flooding from Kamikoshiki, Japan

Woodruff, Jonathan D.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Okusu, Akiko

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.005

Cited by 146 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Typhoondriven storm surges are also known to produce analogous coarse-grained deposits in coastal lakes in southwest Japan (e.g. Woodruff et al, 2009Woodruff et al, , 2014. The sedimentary signatures of tsunamis and storm surges may be difficult to distinguish (Engel and Brückner, 2011;Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Morton et al, 2007;Shanmugam, 2011) and insufficient evidence has been published to ascertain the causal mechanism for the sand sheets in Ryūjin Pond..…”

Section: The Hyūga-nada (Z) Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of geological evidence for Holocene earthquakes and tsunamis along the Nankai-Suruga Trough, Japan

Garrett

Fujiwara

Garrett

et al. 2016

Earth-Science Reviews

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. ABSTRACTThe Nankai-Suruga Trough, the subduction zone that lies immediately south of Japan's densely populated southern coastline, generates devastating great earthquakes (magnitude > 8) characterised by intense shaking, crustal deformation and tsunami generation. Forecasting the hazards associated with future earthquakes along this >700 km long fault requires a comprehensive understanding of past fault behaviour. While the region benefits from a long and detailed historical record, palaeoseismology has the potential to provide a longer-term perspective and additional crucial insights. In this paper, we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding geological evidence for past earthquakes and tsunamis along the Nankai-Suruga Trough. Incorporating literature originally published in both Japanese and English and enhancing available results with new age modelling approaches, we summarise and critically evaluate evidence from a wide variety of sources. Palaeoseismic evidence includes uplifted marine terraces and biota, marine and lacustrine turbidites, liquefaction features, subsided marshes and tsunami deposits in coastal lakes and lowlands. While 75 publications describe proposed evidence from more than 70 sites, only a limited number provide compelling, well-dated evidence. The best available records enable us to map the most likely rupture zones of twelve earthquakes that occurred during the historical period. This spatiotemporal compilation suggests that the AD 1707 earthquake ruptured almost the full length of the subduction zone and that earthquakes in AD 1361 and 684 may have been predecessors of similar magnitude. Intervening earthquakes were of lesser magnitude, highlighting the variability in rupture mode that characterises the Nankai-Suruga Trough. Intervals between ruptures of the same seismic segment range from less than 100 to more than 450 years during the historical period. Over longer timescales, palaeoseismic evidence suggests intervals between earthquakes ranging from 100 to 700 years, however these figures reflect a range of thresholds controlling the creation and preservation of evidence at any given site as well as the genuine intervals between earthquakes. At present, there is no geological data that suggest the occurrence of a larger magnitude earthquake than that experienced in AD 1707, however few studies have sought to establish the relative magnitudes of different earthquake and tsunami events along the Nankai-Suruga Trough. Alongside the lack of...

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Section: The Hyūga-nada (Z) Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of geological evidence for Holocene earthquakes and tsunamis along the Nankai-Suruga Trough, Japan

Garrett

Fujiwara

Garrett

et al. 2016

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…While some widely used methods [e.g., Liu and Fearn, 1993;Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007;Frappier et al, 2007] provide data only for the most recent millennia (for which sedimentary records of overwash from barrier islands are available), nascent techniques using deep-sea cores recovered from sloping banks near the Florida current show the potential to uncover records back to earlier periods [Toomey et al, 2013]. Furthermore, some understanding (even qualitative) of the behavior of TCs during glacial periods would be useful to geologists, who have shown that tropical storms affected the geological evolution of islands in the western Pacific [Galewsky et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2008;Hayakawa and Takashi, 2009;Woodruff et al, 2009;Stark et al, 2010]. This is not the first attempt to simulate tropical cyclones in LGM conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical downscaling of tropical cyclones from CCSM4 simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum

Yoo

Galewsky

Camargo

et al. 2016

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Dynamical downscaling of simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and late twentieth century (20C) were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the aim of (1) understanding how the downscaled kinematic and thermodynamic variables influence simulated tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific during the LGM and the 20C periods and (2) to test the relevance of TC genesis factors for the colder LGM climate. The results show that, despite the lower temperatures during the LGM, the downscaled TC climatology over the western North Pacific in the LGM simulation does not differ significantly from that in the 20C simulation. Among the TC environmental factors, the TC potential intensity, mid‐tropospheric entropy deficit, and vertical wind shear during the LGM were consistent with previous analyses of TC genesis factors in LGM global climate model simulations. Changes in TC genesis density between the LGM and the 20C simulations seem to be well represented by the ventilation index, a nondimensional measure of the combined effects of vertical wind shear, and thermodynamic properties, suggesting the potential applicability of those factors for TC activity evaluation during the LGM and possibly other climates.

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“…Eroded beaches and washover fans are common features following TCs. They have been observed extensively along the shores of the United States of America (Morton, 1978;Horton et al, 2009) and Australia (Hopley, 1974;Nott et al, 2013) and the washover fans have been used for studies of palaeotempests Fearn, 1993, 2000;Donnelly andWoodruff, 2007;Woodruff et al, 2009). The extent and type of beach/dune/ridge erosion and washover fan deposition are dependent upon a range of factors including the existing coastal topography and configuration, sediment texture, storm approach angle, storm forward speed, storm intensity and size, fetch and bathymetry (Morton and Sallenger, 2003).…”

Section: Impact Of Tropical Cyclones On Sand Coastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of hurricane overwash deposits (Liu and Fearn, 2000;Donnelly and Woodruff, 2007;Woodruff et al, 2009) it is difficult to ascribe erosional processes to the gaps for the records are composed of sand layers sandwiched within fine-grained sedimentary units in back barrier lagoons. Chronological gaps within beach ridge plains that record long-term TC histories (Nott, 2003;Nott et al, 2009;Forsyth et al, 2010) are possible via two causes; erosion and removal of ridges or periods of slower or no ridge building possibly associated with a quiescence in intense TC activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of centennial- to millennial-scale chronological gaps in storm emplaced beach ridge plains

et al. 2015

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Exploring typhoon variability over the mid-to-late Holocene: evidence of extreme coastal flooding from Kamikoshiki, Japan

Cited by 146 publications

References 97 publications

A systematic review of geological evidence for Holocene earthquakes and tsunamis along the Nankai-Suruga Trough, Japan

A systematic review of geological evidence for Holocene earthquakes and tsunamis along the Nankai-Suruga Trough, Japan

Dynamical downscaling of tropical cyclones from CCSM4 simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum

The origin of centennial- to millennial-scale chronological gaps in storm emplaced beach ridge plains

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