Exploring touch as a positive workplace behavior

Fuller, Bryan; Simmering, Marcia J.; Marler, Laura E.; Cox, Susie S.; Bennett, Rebecca J.; Cheramie, Robin

doi:10.1177/0018726710377931

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A nuanced analysis of what touch is thought and intended to convey is not a primary focus of this work, but would be very interesting to consider in the future. Touch between people who are not in a close relationship may be perceived to be offensive or produce anxiety (Wilhelm, Kochar, Roth, & Gross, 2001), while others suggest that it is a tool to build stronger relationships and to convey personal closeness (Fuller et al, 2011). Individuals of differing CIT levels may have a tendency to interpret the motivations behind interpersonal touch differently.…”

Section: General Discussion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scales can be invalidated and useless if they correlate too highly with other scales in which they were intended to differ. Thus, the CIT scale was tested in relation to the Fuller et al (2011) Touch Anxiety scale and to the Peck and Childers (2003a) Need for Touch scale. These two scales are related to touching preferences—Touch Anxiety (TANX) is avoidance‐oriented while Need for Touch (NFT) captures a more outward or approach‐related tendency.…”

Section: Development Of the Comfort With Interpersonal Touch Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TANX scale was developed to test individuals' anxiety with using touch in the workplace (Fuller et al, 2011). This scale captures an anxiety‐related trait and measures an individual's avoidance‐motivation toward touch.…”

Section: Development Of the Comfort With Interpersonal Touch Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in interpersonal touch: On the development, validation, and use of the “comfort with interpersonal touch” (CIT) scale

Webb

Peck

2014

J Consum Psychol

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This research details the development of the "comfort with interpersonal touch" (CIT) scale designed to measure individual differences in interpersonal touch tendencies and preferences. The CIT construct is defined as the degree to which an individual is comfortable with intentional interpersonal touch from or to another person. The scale incorporates the distinction between initiating touch, which is the act of touching someone else, and receiving touch, which is the act of being touched by someone else. Investigation of this construct includes scale development, measure purification, and validation. We situate CIT-initiating and CIT-receiving within an approach-avoidance framework and demonstrate that comfort with initiating touch is more related to approach tendencies such as assertiveness while comfort with receiving touch is more related to avoidant tendencies such as avoiding crowded spaces. While previous research generally finds positive effects of interpersonal touch, we find that these effects, at least in part, depend on an individual's comfort with interpersonal touch. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications as well as future research opportunities using the CIT scale.

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Section: General Discussion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Comfort With Interpersonal Touch Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in interpersonal touch: On the development, validation, and use of the “comfort with interpersonal touch” (CIT) scale

Webb

Peck

2014

J Consum Psychol

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“…Í gegnum ýmiss konar óyrt samskipti getur stjórnandi þannig haft áhrif á starfsfólk. Til að mynda getur óyrt hegðun líkt og nánd og viðeigandi snerting styrkt tengsl yfirmanns við undirmenn sína (Bonaccio o.fl., 2016) og haft jákvaeð áhrif á upplifaðan stuðning þeirra (Fuller o.fl., 2011;Marler, Cox, Simmering, Bennett og Fuller, 2011). Einnig getur slík nánd haft jákvaeð áhrif á starfsánaegju (Richmond og McCroskey, 2000) og viðhorf undirmanna til síns yfirmanns (Hinkle, 2001;Teven, 2007Teven, , 2010.…”

Section: óYrt Samskipti Yfirmannaunclassified

Samskipti án orða. Tengsl óyrtrar hegðunar yfirmanns og tilfinningalegrar líðan starfsfólks

Vilhelmsdóttir¹,

Hermannsdóttir²

2019

TVE

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Líðan starfsfólks getur haft rekstrarleg áhrif á fyrirtæki og því er mikilvægt fyrir stjórnendur að leggja áherslu á að starfsfólki líði vel. Yfirmenn geta aukið líkur á því með því að leggja áherslu á að eiga í góðum samskiptum við það. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna tengsl á milli upplifunar af óyrtum samskiptum yfirmanns og tilfinningalegri líðan starfsfólks. Einblínt var á þrjár gerðir tilfinningalegrar líðan sem eru mikilvægar þegar kemur að líðan starfsfólks í vinnu; tilfinningalegan stuðning, tilfinningalega vinnu og tilfinningalegt gildi. Í gegnum rafrænt hentugleikaúrtak fengust svör frá 802 einstaklingum á vinnumarkaði. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að upplifun á óyrtum samskiptum yfirmanna hefur jákvæð tengsl við tilfinningalegan stuðning sem felst m.a. í því að yfirmenn séu aðgengilegir og hlusti á starfsfólk. Upplifun á jákvæðum óyrtum samskiptum yfirmanna reyndist jafnframt draga úr skynjun starfsfólks á tilfinningalegri vinnu en slík vinna getur verið óæskileg og haft neikvæð áhrif á starfsfólk. Að auki sýndu niðurstöðurnar að skynjun starfsfólks á tilfinningalegu gildi er jákvæðara ef það upplifir jákvæð óyrt samskipti frá yfirmanni sínum, en fyrri rannsóknir hafa sýnt að jákvætt tilfinningalegt gildi hefur jákvæð áhrif á starfsánægju og leiðir til jákvæðrar hegðunar inni á vinnistöðum. Miðað við niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar eru það fyrst og fremst óyrt samskipti sem snúa að andlitstjáningu og líkamstjáningu sem skýra tilfinningalega líðan starfsfólks. Yfirmenn ættu því að leggja áherslu á að halda augnsambandi við starfsfólk sitt þegar samskipti eiga sér stað og sýna jákvæð svipbrigði eins og bros. Jafnframt ætti að leggja áherslu á afslappaða en líflega líkamsstöðu, t.d. með því að nota hendurnar þegar talað er. Rannsóknin styrkir fræðilegar undirstöður varðandi samskipti á vinnustað og veitir innsýn í lítið rannsakað viðfangsefni á sviði stjórnunar.

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“…To address teachers' touch concerns and develop the potential benefit of touching in the classroom, a tool that considers touch concern must be developed. In fact, numerous tools have been developed to measure touch within general interpersonal communication, such as the Comfort with Interpersonal Touch Scale (Webb & Peck, 2015), the Social Touch Questionnaire (Vieira et al, 2016;Wilhelm, Kochar, Roth, & Gross, 2001), and the Touch Anxiety Scale (Fuller et al, 2011). However, these scales have not considered who initiates the touch between teachers and students in the classroom context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachers’ Concerns Regarding Touching Their Students in the Classroom: A Scale Development Study

Wang

Li-min

2018

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

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This study details the development of the “Classroom Touch Concern Scale” (CTC), which was designed to measure individual differences among teachers regarding their feelings of concern when touching students in the classroom. The CTC incorporates two correlated dimensions: CTC associated with touching students of the same gender and CTC associated with touching students of a different gender. Studies 1 through 7 used various samples of university faculty and high school teachers to investigate the CTC with regard to item development, dimensionality, construct validity, linguistic validity, predictive validity, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. The results showed that the CTC has high internal consistency reliability and an acceptable to good construct validity, a good discriminant and convergent validity, linguistic validity, and predictive validity. We discuss the practical implications and limitations of using the CTC.

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Exploring touch as a positive workplace behavior

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Individual differences in interpersonal touch: On the development, validation, and use of the “comfort with interpersonal touch” (CIT) scale

Individual differences in interpersonal touch: On the development, validation, and use of the “comfort with interpersonal touch” (CIT) scale

Samskipti án orða. Tengsl óyrtrar hegðunar yfirmanns og tilfinningalegrar líðan starfsfólks

Teachers’ Concerns Regarding Touching Their Students in the Classroom: A Scale Development Study

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