Exploring the Substitution Effect of Ride-Sourcing in Commuting and Transport Stations Trips: Learning from Evidence in Bandung City, Indonesia

Abstract

Ample evidence shows that ride-sourcing can substitute the existing transport system (i.e., public transport or private transport). However, the effect of the type of trip (i.e., commuting or transport station trips) on this substitution is still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the substitution effect of ride-sourcing based on the type of trip, i.e., commuting trips as well as trips to transport stations (e.g., the airport, terminal, rail station), conducted by private vehicles and public transport services. The effects of socio-demographics, spatial characteristics, and attitude were integrated into the discriminant model to explore this further. For this purpose, this study collected data from a questionnaire distributed to ride-sourcing users in Bandung in 2020. Discriminant and multivariate analyses are used to investigate the substitution effect of ride-hailing. It is found that the substitution of private transportation occurs for high-income online transport users and longer trips. Moreover, people who previously used public transportation are associated with users who experience increased productivity. Ride-sourcing vehicles, such as online taxis, provide more space for activities. In addition, a lack of access to other transportation tends to be associated with public transport users rather than private vehicle owners. Public transport users can experience increased productivity because the travel time is significantly reduced when ride-sourcing is used. The improvement of public transport, specifically for people who are carrying more belongings and have more intense and widespread activity participation, is then suggested by this study.