Exploring the role of gain versus loss framing and point of reference in messages to reduce human–bear conflicts

Lu, Hang; Siemer, William F.; Baumer, Meghan S.; Decker, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2017.05.002

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In addition, scientists and journalists can together craft media messages that communicate individual and collective responsibility for people to adopt strategies to coexist with bears and value their ecological role or economic potential (Boan et al, 2018;Freeman & Jarvis, 2013;Jacobson et al, 2018;Lakoff, 2010). Borrowing from behavioral sciences, messages could be crafted using loss aversion techniques, for example, that focus on bear safety without over-dramatizing the nature of a bear or humanbear interactions (Gal & Rucker, 2018;Lopez-Baucells, Rocha, & Fernandez-Llamazares, 2017;Lu, Siemer, Baumer, & Decker, 2018). As Cinner (2018) suggests, loss aversion could improve people's motivation and participation in conservation actions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From human invaders to problem bears: A media content analysis of grizzly bear conservation

Hughes

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Yarmey

et al. 2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Across their North American range, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) occupy a special place in human imagination, as icons of nature's rugged and raw power, to representations of safety risks and economic costs of living with carnivores. Different bear representations can also be found across news media, from controversial and sensational descriptions of attacks, tragic events and conflicts, to scientific accounts of conservation research. News media certainly has the power to pique curiosity, spark debate, or elicit emotional responses through framing and repetition of content. In turn, news stories can influence how people might interpret and internalize information about grizzly bears. Using media content analysis, we examined newsprint stories on grizzly bears across their North American range between 2000 and 2016, to understand message framing and attention cycle, as well as attitudinal expression and representative anecdote conveyed to the readership. We found that human–bear conflict stories are over‐reported compared to other narratives, where a single incidence garners more attention than a story about new scientific findings. We also found articles that included hunting frames largely originated in Alberta, likely due to the threatened species listing and hunting moratorium. Attitudinal expressions included ecological, negative or neutral, and moral sentiments toward bears. The most common representative anecdote conveyed to the readership reflected the dire state faced by grizzly bears. The bear eco‐gossip expressed in the articles we reviewed, which included clear protagonists and antagonists and the occasional man‐bites‐bear surprise, appears to be the diet of manufactured information fed to the public. Results of our study can help scientists and conservationists understand how news media portrays grizzly bears to the public and how this might influence public sentiment toward their conservation, but also identifies the roles that scientists, conservationists and journalists together can play in crafting effective, factual and engaging news stories about bears.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From human invaders to problem bears: A media content analysis of grizzly bear conservation

Hughes

Foote

Yarmey

et al. 2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…The Leopold matrix evaluation of environmental impacts by anthropogenic activities in protected areas shows five main advantages over other methods: (1) Its execution does not require experts, which provides accessibility to diverse stakeholders involved in or impacted by the management or use of protected areas; (2) potential and historical impacts can be evaluated; (3) it incorporates the perception of experts connected to the environmental components of the study area; (4) it does not consider subjective perceptions of the users, but prioritizes the physical environmental conditions; (5) it is an adaptable and practical tool that can be easily used to guide environmental management and prevent deterioration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is why the first conservationist efforts worldwide, based on the model of national parks in the United States of America, sought to exclude human populations and their economic activities from these areas [4]. However, conservation policies in the human settlements have been transformed, from emphasizing the isolated protection of landscapes to a broader and more inclusive approach, in which protected areas are seen as an instrument both to conserve and protect biodiversity, while at the same time enhance the socio-economic development of local populations [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…areas are seen as an instrument both to conserve and protect biodiversity, while at the same time enhance the socio-economic development of local populations [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some legislations worldwide accept that rural communities are the moral owners of natural resources from their lands. While that recognition is essential, the crucial issue, however, questions the most adequate manner in which these communities acquire and implement management and control over these resources [5,6]?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador

et al. 2018

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Conflicts and ecological impacts in natural protected areas can arise for various reasons. The behavior of social stakeholders in the face of conflict is the object of study. Their reactions can be varied according to the personal interests of the parties. Conflicts can cause changes in the communities, incomprehensibly affecting the environment and ultimately transforming their lives. Although the environmental impacts have generally been well studied in protected areas, after reviewing the literature, it was observed that very few studies exist on the local economic conflicts that frequently arise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-ecological conflicts and impacts generated by the filming of the American reality series Naked and Afraid, produced by the Discovery Channel in the Ecuadorian Amazon-a special case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve. The data was gathered from numerous primary sources, including field interviews with the regional stakeholders involved and a video analysis of the Discovery Channels' Naked and Afraid. The results of our study conclude several interesting insights into various social and ecological conflicts and their resulting impacts on the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve. The first of these concerns the high impacts mainly associated with biotic components in the Reserve. The second set of interesting findings are social conflicts that were caused by the discontent of the Indigenous communities in relation to royalties and compensations left by the filming.

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Collective Factors Reinforce Individual Contributions to Human‐Wildlife Coexistence

et al. 2021

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Conserving large carnivores while keeping people safe depends on finding means for peaceful coexistence. Although large carnivore populations are generally declining globally, some populations are increasing, causing greater overlap with humans and increasing potential for conflict. One method of reducing conflict with large carnivores is to secure attractants like garbage and livestock. This method is effective when implemented; however, implementation requires a change in human behavior. Humanwildlife interaction is a public good collective action problem where solutions require contributions from many and individual actions have effects on others. We used the collective interest model to investigate how individual and collective factors work in concert to influence landowner attractant securing behavior in Montana, USA, in black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bear (U. arctos) range. We used data from a mailback survey to develop logistic regression models testing the relative effects of collective and individual factors on landowners' attractant securing behaviors. The most important factor was whether individuals had spoken to a wildlife professional, a reflection of social coordination and pressure. Other collective factors (e.g., social norms [i.e., expectations and behaviors of peers] and the existence of discussion networks [i.e., how much social influence an individual has]) were equally important as individual factors (e.g., beliefs, age, gender) for influencing attractant securing behavior among Montana landowners. This research suggests pathways for wildlife managers and outreach coordinators to increase attractant securing behavior by emphasizing collective factors, such as social norms, rather than appealing exclusively to individual factors, such as risk perception of large carnivores. Furthermore, wildlife agencies would be justified in increasing their efforts to connect with landowners in person and to connect with members of the public who play an important role in discussion networks. This research demonstrates that, even on private lands, collective interests may be a missing and important piece of the puzzle for encouraging voluntary attractant securing behavior and improving wildlife-human coexistence.

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Exploring the role of gain versus loss framing and point of reference in messages to reduce human–bear conflicts

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

From human invaders to problem bears: A media content analysis of grizzly bear conservation

From human invaders to problem bears: A media content analysis of grizzly bear conservation

Conflict and Impacts Generated by the Filming of Discovery Channel’s Reality Series “Naked and Afraid” in the Amazon: A Special Case in the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador

Collective Factors Reinforce Individual Contributions to Human‐Wildlife Coexistence

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