Exploring the potential impact of implementing carbon capture technologies in fossil fuel power plants on regional European water stress index levels

Schakel, Wouter; Pfister, Stephan; Ramírez, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.05.031

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The coefficient c was tuned to result in a WSI of 0.5 for a WTA of 0.4 as the boundary between moderate and severe water scarcity, while the thresholds from low to moderate and severe to extreme are at a WSI of 0.1 and 0.9. We modified c for different water origins (total, surface or groundwater resources), temporal resolutions (annual or monthly) and if water withdrawal and water consumption are used (Schakel et al 2015). Annual averages of monthly WSIs and global and country averages were each weighted by consumption or withdrawal, respectively.…”

Section: Calculation Of Wsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with uncertainty in water scarcity footprints

Scherer

Pfister

2016

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Section: Calculation Of Wsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with uncertainty in water scarcity footprints

Scherer

Pfister

2016

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…The Nusselt number for convection heat transfer ( ), shown in Equation 7, is multiplied by the augmentation factor to obtain a normalized correlation of the Nusselt number for convention-condensation heat transfer coefficient, presented in Equation (9). The Nusselt number for condensation heat transfer is given in Equation (8). Experimental results show that the convection-condensation heat transfer coefficient increases with the Reynolds number and the bulk vapour mass fraction, and it is approximately 1 to 4 times that of the forced convection heat transfer without condensation [27,29]…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water demand associated to electricity generation is expected to rise further in places due to electrification with new build thermal power plants and, even more, if decarbonisation of electricity generation takes place with high contribution of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies in fossil fuel power plants [5]. The potential impact of a low carbon electricity system with different generation portfolios on regional water stress have been assessed in many studies, some have quantified the future freshwater demands for different energy pathways in Europe [3,[6][7][8], in the United States [9][10][11], in China [12] or the whole word [13]. The extent of the increase in water stress strongly depend on penetration level of carbon capture, installed power plant capacity and cooling water technologies [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the water usage of post-combustion capture systems: The role of water condensation/evaporation in rotary regenerative gas/gas heat exchangers

et al. 2019

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Water usage is expected to greatly increase when CO2 capture is added to thermal power plants. A major contribution is the reduction of flue gases temperatures from 100-150 ºC to 30-50 ºC. The majority of studies to date propose the use of direct contact cooling, combining a cold water loop with water cooling. This article expands on a previous study of the same authors [1] proposing dry air-cooled options with rotary regenerative gas/gas heat exchangers, relying on ambient air as the cooling fluid, to eliminate the use of process and cooling water prior to the carbon capture system. It proposes, for the first time, a new stand-alone model of a bi-sector air/gas rotary heat exchanger, which includes the contribution to heat transfer of condensation/evaporation when flue gases are cooled below the dew point. It shows that water condensation from the flue gases in one sector of the heat exchanger, enhances the total heat transfer rate, due to the diffusion of water through the non-condensable gases boundary layer. In order to maintain the cooling capacity of these rotary regenerative heat exchangers, initially designed to operate without condensation, this article shows that they should be designed with surface properties, gas velocities and heat transfer channel geometries with the aim of allowing water condensate to remain on the metal elements surface, and then evaporate into the air stream when the metal elements have rotated to the air side. The model also predicts the location of water condensation, so that enamelled elements can be incorporated to the cold-end tiers of metal elements and mitigate any possible long-term corrosion problems.

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“…Previous research has simulated water risks of power generation with CCS in the United States [31][32][33][34] , Europe 35 , and the UK 36 . These studies, however, did not adopt a monthly hydrological model to quantify potential impacts on water resources.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrological limits to carbon capture and storage

et al. 2020

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Post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important technology to reduce CO2 emissions from the electricity and industrial sectors. Despite the mounting concerns about global water scarcity and its impact on energy production, the potential hydrological consequences of large-scale CCS have not yet been explored. Here we simulate the impacts on water resources that would result from retrofitting global coal-fired power plants (CFPP) with four different CCS technologies. We find that 43% of global CFPP capacity currently experience water scarcity at least one month per year and 32% experience scarcity for five or more months during the year. Addition of CCS does increase water scarcity, and the extent to which it does so depends on the technology. We show that the choice of what CFPP to retrofit and what CCS technologies to deploy will be essential in preventing additional water scarcity. If CCS were to be pursed, facilities not affected by water scarcity should be selected. Globally coal-fired plants account for 38% of electricity generation 1 and 19% (8.9 Gt CO2 y-1) of total CO2 emissions 2. Coal generation is also a primary source of toxic airborne emissions globally 3. Despite the growing reliance on renewable energy and the recent policy efforts aimed at reducing the use of coal 4 , today the global coal dependence for power generation is the same as twenty years ago 1. Since the turn of the 21 st century, population growth, increasing affluence, and industrialization in developing countries have demanded an unprecedented growth in coal Deleted: use a global biophysical monthly hydrological 31 analysis to … 32 Deleted: existing 33 Deleted: By retrofitting global CFPP with CCS, water 34 consumption and withdrawals from CFPP would more 35 than nearly double.

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Exploring the potential impact of implementing carbon capture technologies in fossil fuel power plants on regional European water stress index levels

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Dealing with uncertainty in water scarcity footprints

Dealing with uncertainty in water scarcity footprints

Reducing the water usage of post-combustion capture systems: The role of water condensation/evaporation in rotary regenerative gas/gas heat exchangers

Hydrological limits to carbon capture and storage

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