Exploring the Indoor Environment of Heritage Buildings and Its Role in the Conservation of Valuable Objects

Abstract

This study is an attempt to monitor the indoor microclimate and the microbiological contamination of some indoor objects inside a wooden Orthodox church. Standard microbiological techniques were used for the isolation and identification of the fungi present in the dust of the superficial surface of the paintings chosen to be investigated for biodeterioration. Samples were taken from approximately 1 cm 2 of the surface of the analysed paintings (cotton canvas, wood, on primer) using the cotton swab method. The cultures of fungus isolated from the studied paintings were identified based on their morphological and microbiological characteristics. The identity of isolates was established, based on the smear microscopic examination, using the lactophenol blue cotton staining procedure. Based on the morphological characteristics of conidiophores, the following fungal genera were determined to be present in the dust of the studied paintings: Streptomyces sp., Arthrographis sp., Beauveria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., and Streptomyces sp. The current state of paintings, influenced in time by temperature, humidity, brightness, microbial contamination, and other factors, was investigated and mapped. The detailed analysis contributes to the conservation stage of the historic monument investigation, enhancing the existing data in the environments destined for the conservation of valuable objects. The continuous monitoring of the indoor microclimate, together with the maintaining of good hygiene, cleaning conditions and proper ventilation, could successfully contribute to the slowing down of painting degradation within the wooden church monument.

Assessment of Tourists’ Perceptions on Safety at the Cape Coast Tourist Destination in Ghana

“…A tourist-destination having the right product alone is not enough to favourably compete in the tourism market. The expectations and needs of tourists must be considered whether or not the image is an actual illustration of what a destination has to offer the traveler or not, is less significant than the existence of the image in the minds of the potential tourists (Jenkins, 1999;Strydom & Nel, 2006;Ilieș et al, 2018Ilieș et al, , 2019Indrie et al, 2019). According to Sönmez and Sirakaya (2002), "positive images of a destination help the policy planner and tour operators to create awareness, and this can serve as the distinguishing factor among competing destinations".…”

Predictors of Changes in Travel Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Tourists’ Personalities

“…Especially for tourism, the fear of infection strongly influences travel behaviors and daily travel activities (e.g., shopping routines, recreational activities, heritage explorations) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]; concerns about infection rates and sociodemographic characteristics have been raised as factors influencing travel satisfaction [ 2 , 18 ]. Studies show that cases and deaths in the COVID-19 context are lower in countries where people travel less to other countries [ 8 , 19 , 20 ], while unrestrained mobility significantly accelerates the spread of COVID-19 [ 21 ].…”

The Relationship Between Heritage Products and Tourism in the Development Documents of Towns in Hajdú-Bihar County

“…If we examine the possible uses of heritage, we can fundamentally differentiate between three areas. In the framework of use for societal purposes, certain elements of the historical past are used in the interest of strengthening the local identity and the shaping of communities, which is of outstanding significance in the everyday life of the given settlement (O'Neill, 2006;McDowell, 2008;Csurgó & Szatmári, 2014;Ilieș et al, 2018Ilieș et al, , 2019Indrie et al, 2019). When used for political purposes, the main effort is aimed at supporting an ideological current, notion or the activities of a political party with reference to the historical past, legitimizing various political values (Allen, 2010;Husz, 2014).…”