“…The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/0263-5577.htm patient satisfaction, the adoption or continuous usage of MMC and the choice or purchase of MMC (Chiu et al, 2021;Song et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022;Kamal et al, 2020;James et al, 2022), focusing on the antecedents of MMC success but limiting research being conducted on MMC failure. Given the negative impact of negatively-valenced engagement on the long-term development of MMC (Jiang et al, 2021a), researchers, albeit few, started to pay attention to this issue, but they addressed it by investigating the influencing factors for positivelyvalenced engagement. For example, Wu et al (2022a) and Yang et al (2021) have pointed out that some patients may be reluctant to engage in MMC due to privacy concerns and a lack of trust.…”