Exploring the Feasibility of Cloud-Point Extraction for Bioactive Compound Recovery from Food Byproducts: A Review

Abstract

In recent years, the production of food biomass waste has been increasing rapidly. This necessitates urgent measures to be taken so as to utilize them. Since most food biomass waste contains useful bioactive substances, cloud-point extraction (CPE) has emerged as a promising solution to valorize waste. CPE is an extraction method employed for the extraction and preconcentration of various chemical compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids. As with any other extraction procedure, CPE isolates the target compound(s) from the sample, resulting in increased recovery. One major advantage of CPE is that the extraction is carried out without special equipment or harmful reagents. Moreover, other significant advantages are its effectiveness, simplicity, safety, and rapidity. This review focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from food-based waste using CPE and highlights the important parameters that can be tuned to improve the performance of CPE. Furthermore, the potential in promoting environmentally friendly practices within the food industry is also discussed.

Sequential Extraction and Characterization of Essential Oil, Flavonoids, and Pectin from Industrial Orange Waste

“…It is also important to discuss the feasibility of extraction methods in addition to knowing that the added value of bioactive compounds is high. , The current study showed that the ultrasound-assisted approach resulted in a bioactive component with higher bioactivity. The equipment cost of the UAE method is lower compared to suggested novel methods in the literature, and it also uses less energy during short-term extraction.…”

Updating the Status quo on the Eco-Friendly Approach for Antioxidants Recovered from Plant Matrices Using Cloud Point Extraction

“…The number of surfactant molecules within a micelle is defined as the degree of aggregation. The micelle number can be affected by several factors, such as surfactant type and structure, the properties of the electrolyte, the concentration, the solvent nature, temperature, and the pH level of the solution [ 11 ].…”

“…Surfactants are chemical substances that can reduce the surface or interfacial tension between two liquids, liquids and gases, or liquids and solids. Bearing a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, surfactants can adsorb onto interfaces and lower the tension of the interfaces [ 11 ]. This improves the interfacial properties of the material and makes it suitable for use in cleaning, surface functionalization, foaming, and emulsification processes [ 25 ].…”

“…Surfactants applied in the CPE can be either non-ionic or ionic. The separation of the desired compound from the bulk solution can also be enhanced by adding salt (salting-out phenomenon) [ 11 , 12 ]. Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic molecules that contain a hydrophilic part directed toward the hydrophilic (water) phase and a hydrophobic part directed toward the hydrophobic (oil) layer.…”

“…The phase separation is caused by heat-induced dehydration of the surfactant polar groups. This promotes micelle aggregation by decreasing repulsions between micelle molecules [ 11 ].…”