Exploring the effects of substrate mineral fines on oil translocation in the shoreline environment: Experimental analysis, numerical simulation, and implications for spill response

Formation of oil-particle aggregates with motor oil and kaolinite clay in cold and warm freshwater

“…Kaolinite was chosen as the sediment material due to its cohesive properties, its common usage in previous studies of OPA formation, and also because it is widespread in aquatic environments, 8,9,31–33 thus allowing comparisons with those earlier tests. A commercial product, ASP 200 kaolin, from BASF Catalyst, LLC., McIntyre, GA, was used.…”

“…For example, using the viscosities of the oils at 40 °C and 100 °C reported by Valvoline (as a basis for calculating viscosity for the tested temperatures), oil viscosities for the low and high temperature ranges were calculated by the formulae specied in ASTM D341, standard practice for viscosity-temperature charts for liquid petroleum products. 30 Kaolinite was chosen as the sediment material due to its cohesive properties, its common usage in previous studies of OPA formation, and also because it is widespread in aquatic environments, 8,9,[31][32][33] thus allowing comparisons with those earlier tests. A commercial product, ASP 200 kaolin, from BASF Catalyst, LLC., McIntyre, GA, was used.…”

Enhanced Treatment of Decentralized Domestic Sewage Using Gravity-Flow Multi-Soil-Layering Systems Coupled with Iron-Carbon Microelectrolysis

“…The physicochemical parameters of the water including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and electrical conductivity (EC) of the effluent, as well as the water quality indices, including the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N), and the total nitrogen (TN), were periodically detected for evaluating the performance of the MSL systems. According to the factorial design scheme and the universal features of the raw domestic sewage in rural areas [3,9,31], the quantity of chemicals for the preparation used throughout this lab-scale experiment, and the water quality of the synthetic sewage, were determined, as shown in Table 1. The initial pH, DO, ORP, and EC of the synthetic sewage were 7.13, 8.34 mg/L, 196 mV, and 1.77 uS/cm, respectively.…”