Abstract:In this study, grape seeds were extracted using ethyl acetate and petroleum ether by solvent-solvent extraction method. The phytochemical tests were performed to identify different phytochemical compounds present in the grape seed extract (GSE). Antibacterial activity of the GSE was determined using agar diffusion method against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done to identify the presence of b… Show more
“…Si–O stretching bend of methylene group (–CH 2 ) was also observed at peak 721.93 cm ‒1 . The spectra pattern was similar with Moringaceae seed oil (Bhutada, Jadhav, Pinjari, Nemade, & Jain, ) and grape seed oil (Mohansrinivasan, Biswas, Naine S, Devi C., & Deori, ) studies. Therefore, it could be confirmed that the extracted product in this study was hazelnut oil.…”
This study aims to increase the hazelnut oil yield using ultrasound as initial treatment in hexane solvent extraction. A Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the ultrasound amplitude (30%, 60%, and 90%), solvent to solid ratio (6:1, 8:1, and 10:1) and extraction temperature (28, 38, and 48°C). The results showed that increasing all these variables would increase the oil yield. The oil extraction were optimum at 90% ultrasound amplitude, 10:1 solvent to solid ratio, and 48°C of extraction temperature. Effect of extraction time on oil yield was studied at optimum conditions. The maximum oil yield was achieved at 75 min of extraction time with 15‐min initial sonication. The maximum oil yield in ultrasound‐assisted extraction was around 88%. Ultrasound treatment had increased 4% of oil yield from the control. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the extracted hazelnut oil has the similar functional groups as other edible oils.
Practical applications
Hazelnut oil is one of the edible oils that widely been used in food processing. Besides, hazelnut oil has specific contribution in addressing health issues, where it can reduce cholesterol level in human body. This research introduces the optimized extraction process on hazelnut oil to the food manufacturer. With the presence of ultrasound treatment, hazelnut oil can be extracted in shorter time. Therefore, it tends to introduce low cost and healthy hazelnut oil to the consumer.
“…Si–O stretching bend of methylene group (–CH 2 ) was also observed at peak 721.93 cm ‒1 . The spectra pattern was similar with Moringaceae seed oil (Bhutada, Jadhav, Pinjari, Nemade, & Jain, ) and grape seed oil (Mohansrinivasan, Biswas, Naine S, Devi C., & Deori, ) studies. Therefore, it could be confirmed that the extracted product in this study was hazelnut oil.…”
This study aims to increase the hazelnut oil yield using ultrasound as initial treatment in hexane solvent extraction. A Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the ultrasound amplitude (30%, 60%, and 90%), solvent to solid ratio (6:1, 8:1, and 10:1) and extraction temperature (28, 38, and 48°C). The results showed that increasing all these variables would increase the oil yield. The oil extraction were optimum at 90% ultrasound amplitude, 10:1 solvent to solid ratio, and 48°C of extraction temperature. Effect of extraction time on oil yield was studied at optimum conditions. The maximum oil yield was achieved at 75 min of extraction time with 15‐min initial sonication. The maximum oil yield in ultrasound‐assisted extraction was around 88%. Ultrasound treatment had increased 4% of oil yield from the control. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the extracted hazelnut oil has the similar functional groups as other edible oils.
Practical applications
Hazelnut oil is one of the edible oils that widely been used in food processing. Besides, hazelnut oil has specific contribution in addressing health issues, where it can reduce cholesterol level in human body. This research introduces the optimized extraction process on hazelnut oil to the food manufacturer. With the presence of ultrasound treatment, hazelnut oil can be extracted in shorter time. Therefore, it tends to introduce low cost and healthy hazelnut oil to the consumer.
“…Other researchers established that grape seed extract containing about 89% of proanthocyanins, was also more active in the HCT116 cell line (30 µg/mL of extract killed about 60% of cells already after 48 h) [ 53 ]. Interestingly, grape seed extract showed lower activity against melanoma cancer cell line A431 (cell viability was reduced by only ~20% at 50 and 100 µg/mL concentrations, while in our experiment L4 and F4 fractions reduced melanoma IGR-39 cell viability by 50% at 50–100 µg/mL concentrations after 72 h of incubation [ 54 ]. It could be explained by the proanthocyanidins specificity in different cell lines and time and dose-dependent effect.…”
Lingonberry leaves and fruits are associated with a range of potential bioactivities related to their phenolic content and composition, but the identification of major biological activity markers remains limited. The present study aimed at the isolation of lingonberry phenolic fractions and biological activity evaluation of them. Crude dry extracts of lingonberry leaves and fruits were fractionated by chromatography using Sephadex LH-20 and analyzed by validated HPLC-PDA method. For each fraction, the anticancer activity against human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CaKi-1), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and human malignant melanoma (IGR39) cell lines was determined using MTT assay, and the radical scavenging, reducing, and chelating activities were investigated using ABTS, FRAP, and FIC assays, respectively. Further, 28 phenolics were identified and quantified in the crude extract of lingonberry leaves and 37 in the extract of fruits. These compounds, during fractionation steps, were selectively eluted into active fractions, enriched with different groups of phenolics—monophenols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, catechins, flavonols, or proanthocyanidins. Fractions of lingonberry leaves and fruits, obtained by the last fractionation step, proved to be the most active against tested cancer cell lines and possessed the greatest antioxidant activity. In this perspective, the predominant compounds of these fractions—polymeric and mainly A-type dimeric proanthocyanidins—also quercetin can be considered to be anticancer and antioxidant activity markers of lingonberries.
“…Grape seeds were also studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Ismail et al [31] used FTIR to study and quantify bioactive compounds in grape seeds. They identified carboxylate groups from gallic acid and proanthocyanidin gallate in the aqueous seed extract.…”
The primary product of the oenological sector is wine. Nonetheless, the grape processing produces large amounts of by-products and wastes, e.g., the grape seeds. In the context of a sustainable production, there is a strong push towards reutilizing these by-products and waste for making useful derivatives since they are rich of bioactive substances with high additional value. As it is true for the wine itself, bringing these by-products derivatives to the market calls for quality measures and analytical tools to assess quality itself. One of the main objectives is to collect analytical data regarding bioactive compounds using potentially green techniques. In the present work, the profile of fatty acids and the main phenolic compounds were investigated by conventional methods. The qualitative analysis of the main functional groups was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the successful use of FTIR technique in combination with chemometric data analysis is shown to be a suitable analytical tool for discriminating the grape seeds. Grape seeds of different origin have different content of bioactive substances, making this technique useful when planning to recover a certain substance with specific potential application in health area as food supplement or nutraceutical. For example, Cesanese d’Affile seeds were found to have a rather high fat content with a significant fraction of unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the seeds of Nero d’Avola exhibit the highest amount of phenolic compounds.
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