Exploring the Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Punica granatum Leaves

Abstract

The current research work illustrates an economical and rapid approach towards the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous Punica granatum leaves extract (PGL-AgNPs). The optimization of major parameters involved in the biosynthesis process was done using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The effects of different independent variables (parameters), namely concentration of AgNO3, temperature and ratio of extract to AgNO3, on response viz. particle size and polydispersity index were analyzed. As a result of experiment designing, 17 reactions were generated, which were further validated experimentally. The statistical and mathematical approaches were employed on these reactions in order to interpret the relationship between the factors and responses. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were initially characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry followed by physicochemical analysis for determination of particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential via dynamic light scattering (DLS), SEM and EDX studies. Moreover, the determination of the functional group present in the leaves extract and PGL-AgNPs was done by FTIR. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies of PGL-AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were further determined. The physicochemical studies suggested that PGL-AgNPs were round in shape and of ~37.5 nm in size with uniform distribution. Our studies suggested that PGL-AgNPs exhibit potent antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Lythrum salicaria Extract and In Vitro Exploration of Their Biological Activities

“…This peak could be due to excitation of SPR [ 31 ], which could determine the optical, physical and chemical properties of AgNPs [ 29 ]. The presence of a single SPR peak could explain the spherical shape of AgNPs [ 32 ]. The obtained results were in accordance with other studies focusing on AgNPs synthesized using L. salicaria extracts, in which the SPR band was observed at 415 nm [ 16 ] or in the 396–415 nm range [ 17 ].…”

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles obtained from Rumex acetosella L. (Sorrel) plant

“…In the same study, AgNPs were reported to be effective at lower concentrations than silver nitrate and antibiotics . In another similar study, it was reported that AgNPs synthesized from Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaves showed antibacterial activity at 0.050-0.125 mg mL-1 concentrations on E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis and Proteus vulgaris bacteria (Singhal et al, 2021). AgNPs synthesized from the Zea mays L. (corn) plant were reported to exhibit antimicrobial effects on E. coli, S. aureus bacteria, and C. albicans fungus at concentrations of 0.084, 0.337, and 0.021 µg mL-1, respectively .…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their effects on the Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial biofilm formation

“…For this purpose, a bacterial suspension was prepared, and AgNPs with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% were added to the suspension. The samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Then, the formation of bacterial biofilm at OD (optical density) of 570 nm was read using the microtiter plate method and Elisa reader (Singhal et al, 2021 ).…”

“…After this incubation period, the wells of the 96‐well microplate were rinsed with saline phosphate buffer to eliminate bacteria in the planktonic phase. Wells that did not receive AgNPs served as the negative control group (Singhal et al, 2021 ).…”