Exploring Structural Diversity of Microbe Secondary Metabolites Using OSMAC Strategy: A Literature Review

Abstract

Microbial secondary metabolites (MSMs) have played and continue to play a highly significant role in the drug discovery and development process. Genetically, MSM chemical structures are biologically synthesized by microbial gene clusters. Recently, however, the speed of new bioactive MSM discovery has been slowing down due to consistent employment of conventional cultivation and isolation procedure. In order to alleviate this challenge, a number of new approaches have been developed. The strategy of one strain many compounds (OSMAC) has been shown as a simple and powerful tool that can activate many silent biogenetic gene clusters in microorganisms to make more natural products. This review highlights important and successful examples using OSMAC approaches, which covers changing medium composition and cultivation status, co-cultivation with other strain(s), adding enzyme inhibitor(s) and MSM biosynthetic precursor(s). Available evidences had shown that variation of cultivation condition is the most effective way to produce more MSMs and facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic agents.

Terpenoids From the Coral-Derived Fungus Trichoderma harzianum (XS-20090075) Induced by Chemical Epigenetic Manipulation

“…It has been revealed that fungi possess far more gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites than their characterized compounds (Khaldi et al, 2010). In order to solve this challenge, a number of manipulations have been used to regulate the production of secondary metabolites from fungi, such as One strain many compounds (OSMAC) (Pan et al, 2019), co-culture (Yu et al, 2019), interspecies crosstalk (Wang et al, 2019), and heterologous expression (Huo et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019). Among these methods, chemical epigenetic manipulation has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy to wake the silent biosynthetic gene clusters to obtain novel compounds and has been applied to the marine fungi (Asai et al, 2013).…”

Highly Oxygenated Constituents from a Marine Alga-Derived Fungus Aspergillus giganteus NTU967

“…Among these, algae-derived fungi have been reported to be the largest source of secondary metabolites with diversified bioactivities [1,2], and that can be exploited potentially as lead compounds for new drug development. It was reported that by employing one of the post-genomic strategies, one strain many compounds (OSMAC), on the cultivation of the fungal strains could enhance the quantity and diversity of fungal secondary metabolites [3,4]. The OSMAC approach usually involved the manipulation of culturing parameters, such as media formulation, temperature, agitation, luminosity, aeration, etc.…”

“…enhance the quantity and diversity of fungal secondary metabolites [3,4]. The OSMAC approach usually involved the manipulation of culturing parameters, such as media formulation, temperature, agitation, luminosity, aeration, etc.…”

Molecular Network and Culture Media Variation Reveal a Complex Metabolic Profile in Pantoea cf. eucrina D2 Associated with an Acidified Marine Sponge

“…In this work, OSMAC (one strain many compounds) [ 13 ] and molecular networking (MN) [ 14 ] approaches were strategically combined to perform a downstream exploration of the diversity of secondary metabolites produced by P. eucrina D2 under different conditions. The metabolome turned out to be very complex and molecular networking analysis allowed the annotation of several metabolites that were clustered in three subgroups: lipoamino acids, diketopiperazines and surfactins.…”