Exploring indigenous perspectives of an environmental disaster: Culture and place as interrelated resources for remembrance of the 1960 mega-earthquake in Chile

Kronmüller, Edmundo; Atallah, Devin G.; Gutiérrez, Ignacio Gutiérrez; Guerrero, Patricia; Gedda, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.05.007

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast research indicates that, to be effective, rather than “top down” DRR behaviors need to be embedded into the normal everyday practices of a community [ 25 , 45 , 55 ]. There is evidence that embedded cultural understandings of the environment and hazards together with life-long learning are effective contributors to “resilience” [ 34 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] and where there is a diminished sense of connection with “community”, individuals and families become relatively more vulnerable [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Instead, a focus on community leadership and support systems is essential for long-term sustainability in DRR action [ 25 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining a Transformative Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy: Grandmothers’ Telling and Singing Tsunami Stories for over 100 Years Saving Lives on Simeulue Island

Sutton

Paton

Buergelt

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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As projections about the number and scale of natural hazard events and their impact on human populations grow, increasing attention is being paid to developing effective means for preparing for and mitigating those impacts. At the same time there is an emerging understanding that gradual and incremental changes in disaster risk reduction (DRR) will not adequately meet the future needs of vulnerable populations. Transformational changes have been identified as a necessary requirement to avoid ongoing large-scale losses of life and property and models have been proposed to recalibrate DRR strategies to achieve transformative changes. One cited example of a transformative change in DRR is that of Simeulue Island. Simeulue Island suffered two tsunamis approximately 100 years apart (1907, 2004) with markedly different impacts. This paper looks in detail at the cognitive and developmental mechanisms Simeulue co-opted to sustain the transformational change throughout the 20th century. Information from interviews and observation identified the role of grandmothers have in the effective communication of risk as well as motivating appropriate action to save lives. The possibility of similarly overlooked, local, and pre-existing community capacities for transformative change in DRR is then discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining a Transformative Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy: Grandmothers’ Telling and Singing Tsunami Stories for over 100 Years Saving Lives on Simeulue Island

Sutton

Paton

Buergelt

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…En la actualidad, los estudios han estado orientados a la evaluación, zonificación y gestión del riesgo a nivel urbano, así como la generación de cartografías de zonas seguras (Montenegro-Romero y Peña-Cortes 2010). Otros han estado enfocados en las etapas de respuesta a la catástrofe (Solís y Díaz 2019) y en el significado del desastre desde la cultura lafkenche (lafken: mar; che: gente) (Kronmüller et al 2017). Se intenta contribuir a este debate abordando la relación que existe entre este evento y la territorialidad lafkenche (Molina et al 2018a), al igual que el rol y potencial del conocimiento local y ancestral lafkenche frente al riesgo de inundación por tsunami a nivel rural (Molina et al 2018b).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desde la amenaza natural al desastre: una construcción histórica del terremoto y tsunami de 1960 en Saavedra

Inostroza-Matus

Camacho

Romero-Toledo

2019

Íconos

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Los desastres constituyen fenómenos complejos, se trata del resultado de procesos socioambientales y territoriales donde se entrelaza y reconfigura la naturaleza y la sociedad. Pese al innegable rol de la naturaleza en la construcción y generación de desastres, estos son fuertemente condicionados por procesos históricos de acumulación de vulnerabilidad sobre ciertas poblaciones, donde el componente étnico y racial ha tenido un carácter central a la hora de determinar quiénes son más afectados. El desastre de 1960 en la comuna de Saavedra (Chile) es ejemplo empírico de esto, aquí los impactos y destrucción causada por el terremoto más grande registrado en la historia y su tsunami no solo responden a la extraordinaria magnitud del fenómeno, sino que son resultado de un proceso de construcción histórica del territorio. El artículo analiza este desastre desde una geografía histórica y crítica, buscando exponer cómo se transforma el territorio y su población, generando las condiciones necesarias para que se produzca el desastre. Así, por medio de la revisión de textos de exploradores, informes militares, mapas, autobiografías, investigaciones científicas, visitas al terreno y la ayuda de sistemas de información geográfica, se busca reconstruir el proceso de conformación del territorio de Saavedra, revelando la relación directa que existe entre la invasión del territorio mapuche lafkenche por parte del Estado de Chile y el mayor desastre de su historia más de un siglo después.

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“…Another contextual element which is fundamental for understanding the current situation of the comuna is that this zone was severely affected by the mega-earthquake and subsequent tsunami of 1960. This natural disaster, the largest earthquake recorded in the history of humanity, remains present in the memory of the lafkenche to this day (Kronmüller et al., 2017). The catastrophe was a turning point in the positioning of the territory, because the flourishing shipping and trading businesses carried on in the comuna came to an abrupt halt due to the destruction caused by the tsunami.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and changes in state dependence in a Mapuche indigenous territory, Chile

Cabrera

Córdova

2019

Critique of Anthropology

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This article examines forms of state dependence in a Mapuche indigenous territory on the coast of the Araucanía Region, Chile. Public and private programmes have been implemented in this area to assist the development of a territory which is considered ‘poor’ and contains a large percentage of Mapuche people. We analyse three moments of state action from the 1990s down to the present, identifying forms of state dependence which persist and evolve; relations with local counterpart organisations and the role of state employees become crucial in these new forms of dependence. On this basis, we conclude that today there is less expressed demand for autonomy and self-determination processes among indigenous communities and their leaders in the studied territory, replaced by a demand for more public programmes and resources in pursuit of an ‘improvement’ in their quality of life. This is occurring despite the current context in Chile of greater political visibility of the indigenous problem and indigenous claims, leading in turn to more repressive police action.

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Exploring indigenous perspectives of an environmental disaster: Culture and place as interrelated resources for remembrance of the 1960 mega-earthquake in Chile

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Sustaining a Transformative Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy: Grandmothers’ Telling and Singing Tsunami Stories for over 100 Years Saving Lives on Simeulue Island

Sustaining a Transformative Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy: Grandmothers’ Telling and Singing Tsunami Stories for over 100 Years Saving Lives on Simeulue Island

Desde la amenaza natural al desastre: una construcción histórica del terremoto y tsunami de 1960 en Saavedra

Persistence and changes in state dependence in a Mapuche indigenous territory, Chile

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