Exploring different doping mechanisms in thermoelectric polymer/carbon nanotube composites

Dörling, Bernhard; Sandoval, Stefania; Kankla, Pacharapon; Fuertes, Amparo; Campoy‐Quiles, Mariano

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2017.01.002

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…5Kang-Snyder model applied to various P3HT-inorganic composites. a The electrical conductivity vs Seebeck coefficient data of F 4 TCNQ doped P3HT (closed circles) 31 , Fe((CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N) 3 doped P3HT (open squares) 32 , highly aligned P3HT with trichlorobenzene (closed squares) 33 , P3HT:MWCNT (closed triangles) 35,36 , P3HT:SWCNT (open star) 37,38 and P3HT:Bi 2 Te 3 (closed stars) 34 hybrid systems. It is seen that experimental data lies on s = 3 curve, again consistently identical for the hybrid and the pure polymeric systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer morphology and interfacial charge transfer dominate over energy-dependent scattering in organic-inorganic thermoelectrics

et al. 2018

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Hybrid (organic-inorganic) materials have emerged as a promising class of thermoelectric materials, achieving power factors (S2σ) exceeding those of either constituent. The mechanism of this enhancement is still under debate, and pinpointing the underlying physics has proven difficult. In this work, we combine transport measurements with theoretical simulations and first principles calculations on a prototypical PEDOT:PSS-Te(Cux) nanowire hybrid material system to understand the effect of templating and charge redistribution on the thermoelectric performance. Further, we apply the recently developed Kang-Snyder charge transport model to show that scattering of holes in the hybrid system, defined by the energy-dependent scattering parameter, remains the same as in the host polymer matrix; performance is instead dictated by polymer morphology manifested in an energy-independent transport coefficient. We build upon this language to explain thermoelectric behavior in a variety of PEDOT and P3HT based hybrids acting as a guide for future work in multiphase materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer morphology and interfacial charge transfer dominate over energy-dependent scattering in organic-inorganic thermoelectrics

et al. 2018

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“…The n-type doping of SWCNTs is a challenge in terms of doping stability. The literature [14,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22] describes different ways of doping, such as polymer wrapping, charge transfer from polymer chains to CNTs, encapsulation of organometallic materials within the nanotubes, doping by salt anions with counter cations or nitrogen incorporation. The stability of the nanotube doping during further processing plays an important role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Different Carbon Nanotubes in Melt-Mixed Polymer Composites with Different Polymer Matrices for Their Thermoelectrical Properties

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study is to reveal the influences of carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer type as well as CNT content on electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient (S), and the resulting power factor (PF) and figure of merit (ZT). Different commercially available and laboratory made CNTs were used to prepare melt-mixed composites on a small scale. CNTs typically lead to p-type composites with positive S-values. This was found for the two types of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT) whereby higher Seebeck coefficient in the corresponding buckypapers resulted in higher values also in the composites. Nitrogen doped MWCNTs resulted in negative S-values in the buckypapers as well as in the polymer composites. When using single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with a positive S-value in the buckypapers, positive (polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)) or negative (polyamide 66 (PA66), polyamide 6 (PA6), partially aromatic polyamide (PARA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) S-values were obtained depending on the matrix polymer and SWCNT type. The study shows that the direct production of n-type melt-mixed polymer composites from p-type commercial SWCNTs with relatively high Seebeck coefficients is possible. The highest Seebeck coefficients obtained in this study were 66.4 µV/K (PBT/7 wt % SWCNT Tuball) and −57.1 µV/K (ABS/0.5 wt % SWCNT Tuball) for p- and n-type composites, respectively. The highest power factor and ZT of 0.28 µW/m·K2 and 3.1 × 10−4, respectively, were achieved in PBT with 4 wt % SWCNT Tuball.

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“…For the construction of a TE generator able to generate a thermovoltage based on a temperature difference, n-(electron-donating) as well as p-type (electron-withdrawing) materials are needed. One way to influence of p-/n-behavior of composite material is the selection of semiconducting SWCNT types [19][20][21]. SWCNTs easily absorb molecular oxygen from the environment, which attracts electrons and typically leads to p-type SWCNTs [19,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, n-type doping of SWCNTs is a challenge in terms of doping stability. Various types of doping are described in the literature, e.g., polymer coating, charge transfer from polymer chains to the CNTs, encapsulation of organometallic materials in the nanotubes, doping by salt anions with countercations, or nitrogen input [19,20,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Doping of SWCNTs as a Way to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene/SWCNT Composites

et al. 2020

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Composites based on the matrix polymer polypropylene (PP) filled with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and boron-doped SWCNTs (B-SWCNTs) were prepared by melt-mixing to analyze the influence of boron doping of SWCNTs on the thermoelectric properties of these nanocomposites. It was found that besides a significantly higher Seebeck coefficient of B-SWCNT films and powder packages, the values for B-SWCNT incorporated in PP were higher than those for SWCNTs. Due to the higher electrical conductivity and the higher Seebeck coefficients of B-SWCNTs, the power factor (PF) and the figure of merit (ZT) were also higher for the PP/B-SWCNT composites. The highest value achieved in this study was a Seebeck coefficient of 59.7 µV/K for PP with 0.5 wt% B-SWCNT compared to 47.9 µV/K for SWCNTs at the same filling level. The highest PF was 0.78 µW/(m·K2) for PP with 7.5 wt% B-SWCNT. SWCNT macro- and microdispersions were found to be similar in both composite types, as was the very low electrical percolation threshold between 0.075 and 0.1 wt% SWCNT. At loadings between 0.5 and 2.0 wt%, B-SWCNT-based composites have one order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than those based on SWCNT. The crystallization behavior of PP is more strongly influenced by B-SWCNTs since their composites have higher crystallization temperatures than composites with SWCNTs at a comparable degree of crystallinity. Boron doping of SWCNTs is therefore a suitable way to improve the electrical and thermoelectric properties of composites.

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Exploring different doping mechanisms in thermoelectric polymer/carbon nanotube composites

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Polymer morphology and interfacial charge transfer dominate over energy-dependent scattering in organic-inorganic thermoelectrics

Polymer morphology and interfacial charge transfer dominate over energy-dependent scattering in organic-inorganic thermoelectrics

Screening of Different Carbon Nanotubes in Melt-Mixed Polymer Composites with Different Polymer Matrices for Their Thermoelectrical Properties

Boron Doping of SWCNTs as a Way to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene/SWCNT Composites

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