Exploring consumer exposure pathways and patterns of use for chemicals in the environment

Dionisio, Kathie L.; Frame, Alicia M.; Goldsmith, Michael R.; Wambaugh, John F.; Liddell, Alan C.; Cathey, Tommy; Smith, Doris; Vail, James T.; Ernstoff, Alexi; Fantke, Peter; Jolliet, Olivier; Judson, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.009

Cited by 118 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thousands of substances are widely used by humans, but only some of them have gone through toxicological evaluation (Dionisio et al 2015). The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) specifies over 85,000 chemical substances, of which about 1% are endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) that interfere with the hormonal balance of organisms and cause harmful changes in the reproductive, nervous, and immune systems (Erickson 2017;DeWitt and Patisaul 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of growth of Anabaena variabilis population by single and mixed steroid hormones

et al. 2018

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Many contaminants which are toxic and adversely affect living organisms enter surface waters. Among them, there are endocrine compounds such as steroid hormones, which can disrupt the endocrine system causing an adverse effect on the physiology of aquatic organisms. In the literature, there is not enough information about the influence of steroid hormones on phytoplankton growth. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the effect of estrogens (estrone, 17ß-estadiol, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, and estriol), progestagens (progesterone, 5-pregnen-3b-ol-20-one, and levonorgestrel), and androgens (testosterone) on the growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. To our best knowledge, the chronic toxicological effects of hormones on cyanobacteria are explored for the first time. ), while estrone, estriol, and levonorgestrel showed no significant effect on the growth of this cyanobacterium. Hormone mixtures have been found to be more toxic than single substances and exposure to them leads to the potentiation of toxicity. The EC 50 after 14 days of the test duration for the mixed steroid hormones were 45.14, 37.00, and 89.46 mg L −1. This research provides a basic understanding of hormone toxicity to aquatic organism, such as cyanobacteria, and asserts a more comprehensive view on ecological risk evaluation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of growth of Anabaena variabilis population by single and mixed steroid hormones

et al. 2018

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“…CASRNs are also the means by which the ACToR Chemical Product Category (CPCat) database (http://actor.epa.gov/cpcat/) assigns "use-category" labels to chemicals, based in part on the use-category labeling of entire ACToR inventories (e.g., pesticides, antimicrobials, fragrances, food-additives, etc.) 40. 41 A CASRN overlap table used in the present study was generated by comparing the DSSTox TOXCST CASRN list with a set of 19 CASRN lists obtained from ACToR, CPCat, and DSSTox sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…chemicals with documented use from the ACToR CPCat database; 2) the legacy DSSTox Master database structures, consisting of ~15,000 curated chemical structures from multiple inventories of environmental and toxicological interest, including ToxCast and Tox21 (ftp://ftp.epa.gov/dsstoxftp/DSSTox_Archive_20150930/); 3) the Canadian Domestic Substances list (DSL) consisting of ~24,000 CASRN substances presumed to be in commerce in Canada (http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=En&n=5F213FA8-1); 4) the EDSP Universe, consisting of ~10,000 chemicals of potential concern for significant exposure and, thus, subject to testing prioritization for endocrine disruption, in particular through ER-mediated pathways (http://www.epa.gov/endo/#universe); and 5) a list of ~15,000 Chemicals used as EPI Suite™ training and test sets 32,40. A structure validation and standardization workflow developed for use in the CERAPP project was also used to process DSSTox structures into "QSAR-ready" form for the present analyses 38.…”

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confidence: 99%

ToxCast Chemical Landscape: Paving the Road to 21st Century Toxicology

Richard

Judson

Houck

et al. 2016

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ToxCast program is testing a large library of Agency-relevant chemicals using in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches to support the development of improved toxicity prediction models. Launched in 2007, Phase I of the program screened 310 chemicals, mostly pesticides, across hundreds of ToxCast assay end points. In Phase II, the ToxCast library was expanded to 1878 chemicals, culminating in the public release of screening data at the end of 2013. Subsequent expansion in Phase III has resulted in more than 3800 chemicals actively undergoing ToxCast screening, 96% of which are also being screened in the multi-Agency Tox21 project. The chemical library unpinning these efforts plays a central role in defining the scope and potential application of ToxCast HTS results. The history of the phased construction of EPA's ToxCast library is reviewed, followed by a survey of the library contents from several different vantage points. CAS Registry Numbers are used to assess ToxCast library coverage of important toxicity, regulatory, and exposure inventories. Structure-based representations of ToxCast chemicals are then used to compute physicochemical properties, substructural features, and structural alerts for toxicity and biotransformation. Cheminformatics approaches using these varied representations are applied to defining the boundaries of HTS testability, evaluating chemical diversity, and comparing the ToxCast library to potential target application inventories, such as used in EPA's Endocrine Disruption Screening Program (EDSP). Through several examples, the ToxCast chemical library is demonstrated to provide comprehensive coverage of the knowledge domains and target inventories of potential interest to EPA. Furthermore, the varied representations and approaches presented here define local chemistry domains potentially worthy of further investigation (e.g., not currently covered in the testing library or defined by toxicity "alerts") to strategically support data mining and predictive toxicology modeling moving forward.

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“…Although there are multiple sources of information on certain physicochemical properties of various common compounds, major data gaps exist for new and UVCB compounds (Grimm et al 2016). Furthermore, the lack of information on certain less studied or difficult to obtain parameters, such as particle attribute size, partitioning coefficients, and ingredient concentration in the final product (Dionisio et al 2015), makes the AA more challenging. It is recommended that the assessor look at the totality of the information to make the overall judgment and to identify the critical areas of further research to strengthen the interpretation of such analysis.…”

Section: Approach To Data Analysis and Overall Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Approach to Comparative Exposure in Alternatives Assessment

Greggs

Burns

Egeghy

et al. 2018

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Most alternatives assessments (AAs) published to date are largely hazard-based rankings, thereby ignoring potential differences in human and/or ecosystem exposures; as such, they may not represent a fully informed consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of possible alternatives. Building on the 2014 US National Academy of Sciences recommendations to improve AA decisions by including comparative exposure assessment into AAs, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's (HESI) Sustainable Chemical Alternatives Technical Committee, which comprises scientists from academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations, developed a qualitative comparative exposure approach. Conducting such a comparison can screen for alternatives that are expected to have a higher or different routes of human or environmental exposure potential, which together with consideration of the hazard assessment, could trigger a higher tiered, more quantitative exposure assessment on the alternatives being considered, minimizing the likelihood of regrettable substitution. This article outlines an approach for including chemical ingredient- and product-related exposure information in a qualitative comparison, including ingredient and product-related parameters. A classification approach was developed for ingredient and product parameters to support comparisons between alternatives as well as a methodology to address exposure parameter relevance and data quality. The ingredient parameters include a range of physicochemical properties that can impact routes and magnitude of exposure, whereas the product parameters include aspects such as product-specific exposure pathways, use information, accessibility, and disposal. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the application of the methodology. Key learnings and future research needs are summarized. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;00:000-000. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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Exploring consumer exposure pathways and patterns of use for chemicals in the environment

Cited by 118 publications

References 17 publications

Inhibition of growth of Anabaena variabilis population by single and mixed steroid hormones

Inhibition of growth of Anabaena variabilis population by single and mixed steroid hormones

ToxCast Chemical Landscape: Paving the Road to 21st Century Toxicology

Qualitative Approach to Comparative Exposure in Alternatives Assessment

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