The paper presents and summarizes some research on constant magnetic field effects in chemistry. Metals and alloys electrodeposited under constant magnetic field have greater thickness and smoother surface with finest grains. Metallic materials deposited under the influence of uniform magnetic field may have stronger corrosion resistance, than those obtained without the presence of magnetic field. Constant magnetic field also causes an increase of the electropolymerization rate and yield of some organic reactions. Our research also shows that the presence of constant magnetic field affects the electrodeposition process of alloys and their morphology to a great extent. The effects of magnetic field on metals, alloys, composites, polymers and other materials are due to the Lorentz force and the magnetohydrodynamic effect. It is possible that the further development of magnetoelectrodeposition will allow for using the constant magnetic field to improve the properties of metal coatings, alloys, polymers, and other materials in the industry.
Bioimaging techniques that allow the visualization of ferrocene in living cells do not exist. This work addresses this challenging problem, and a new indirect approach for the bioimaging of ferrocenyl compounds in living and fixed cells is proposed. It is based on the structural similarity of metallocenyl (ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl) groups to their metal-free [2.2]paracyclophanyl congeners. Three adequately designed compounds were obtained. They share a 5-(1-ethynylpyrenyl)-uracil group as a common structural motif and differ in their three-dimensional aromatic substituents, namely, [2.2]paracyclophanyl, ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl. The first substituent allows pyrenyl luminescence to occur, whereas the latter two act as quenchers. The accumulation of the luminescent derivative
Several compounds, such as hormones, are released uncontrolled into the aquatic environment, and some of these pollutants have an adverse effect on endocrine systems of humans and other organisms. However, there is insufficient information about the effect of natural and synthetic hormones on non-target organisms, such as cyanobacteria. Therefore, in this study, the adverse effects of hormones, singly and in combination, on Microcystis aeruginosa were explored for the first time. Chronic toxicity was evaluated based on biomass and chlorophyll a measurements during 14 days of exposure. Growth of cyanobacteria after exposure to 0.1-100 mg L −1 of hormones was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In most cases, a low concentration of hormones (0.1-1 mg L −1) did not affect the growth of cyanobacteria, but a higher concentration (> 10 mg L −1) inhibited the growth. The obtained 14-day EC 50 values were 88.92-355.15 mg L −1. According to these values, the decreasing order of the toxicity of the eight hormones to tested cyanobacteria was 17-α-ethinylestradiol > progesterone > 17ß-estradiol > 5-pregnen-3βol-20-one > testosterone> estrone > levonorgestrel > estriol. Moreover, data show that mixed hormones were more toxic than single compounds and more than additive effect was observed. The achieved 14-day EC 50 values for mixed hormones were 56.66-166.83 mg L −1. Simultaneous presence of several hormones in the aquatic environment may lead to increased toxicity (more than additive effect) and cause serious ecological effects, more harmful than expected.
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