“…Noticing therefore is important for providing opportunities for teachers' responsive actions to be focused on students' ideas (van Es & Sherin, 2021). The actions of teachers during these critical moments in mathematics or science lessons, as noticed by the teacher, are indicators of teachers' enacted pedagogical content knowledge (Campbell & Yeo, 2023;Chan, 2021;Estapa & Amador, 2023;Han et al, 2023;Kersting et al, 2012). They are also indicators of the nature or level of routine or adaptive expertise (Bransford et al, 2005, Yoon et al, 2019.…”