“…Specifically, VAN is involved in top-down controlled attentional selection and bottom-up attentional processing through dynamic interaction with DAN (Geng and Vossel, 2013;Vossel et al, 2014), thus mediating externally oriented attention, cognitive and emotional regulation (Kaiser et al, 2015;Mao et al, 2020;Stumme et al, 2020). Previous studies had proved that abnormal function of VAN was implicated in several psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and adolescent depression (Liu et al, 2019;Ayyash et al, 2021). The activation of VAN was triggered in response to violation of expectation, thereby reorienting to environmental stimuli, driving learning, reward, or affective mechanisms (Corbetta et al, 2008).…”