Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status was retrospectively analysed by the use of EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) and EBV DNA analysis in whole blood with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, to assess the clinical significance for diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of tumour burden. Three hundred and twenty-nine patients were retrospectively enrolled, with 232 patients being available for EBER ISH analysis, 189 patients for EBV DNA analysis, and 138 patients for both analyses. EBER was positive in 24 (10.3%) patients, and EBV DNA was positive in 18 (9.5%) patients; the two analyses had 92.8% concordance. Patients with pretreatment EBER positivity had worse overall survival (OS) than those without EBER positivity (p 0.03); the same pattern was observed for EBV DNA (p < 0.01). A significant p-value was also observed for OS when EBER and EBV DNA were combined (p < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, both EBV DNA (hazard ratio 3.71, 95% CI 1.78-7.74, p < 0.01) and EBER (hazard ratio 2.03, 95% CI 1.03-4.00, p 0.04) remained independent predictive factors for OS. Regarding the dynamic changes in copy number of elevated EBV DNA, the transformation from positive to negative after cycle 3 with chemotherapy may have the most capacity to distinguish a superior from an inferior outcome. These findings suggest that EBV DNA in whole blood has good concordance with EBER ISH, and that it may be a better prognostic and monitoring biomarker than EBER.
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to be accessible biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a lack of known miRNAs that can serve as biomarkers for prodromal PD (pPD). We previously identified that miR-31 and miR-214 were dysregulated in PD. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of miR-31 and miR-214 in pPD. We recruited 25 pPD patients, 20 patients with de novo PD (dnPD), 24 advanced PD (aPD) patients and 21 controls. Next, we investigated the expression of miR-31 and miR-214. Compared to controls, miR-214 was found to be significantly upregulated in pPD patients while miR-31 was significantly upregulated in aPD patients. In addition, the expression of miR-214 was lower in aPD patients compared to both dnPD or pPD patients, while the expression of miR-31 was higher in aPD patients compared to dnPD patients. In order to predict pPD via miRNA expression, the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated. For pPD prediction by miR-214, the AUC was 0.756. The optimal cut-off value of miR-214 was 0.1962, and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.0% and 76.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the AUC for aPD detection by miR-31 was 0.744. The optimal cut-off value for miR-31 was 0.0148, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 71.4%. In conclusion, miR-214 can distinguish pPD patients from controls and may be used as a potential biomarker for pPD diagnosis.
To improve the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) by combining the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) and prostate-specific antigen–age volume (PSA–AV), especially among those in gray zone with PI-RADS v2 score 3 or serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) 4 to 10 ng/mL. The 357 patients were enrolled in this study. The PI-RADS v2 scoring system was used to represent characteristics on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). PI-RADS v2 score 3 or tPSA 4 to 10 ng/mL were defined as the gray zone in detecting PCa. The formula equates to the patient age multiplied by the prostate volume, which is divided by the tPSA level. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to ascertain significant predictors of prostate cancer. In all, 174 (48.7%) were benign prostatic hyperplasia, 183 (51.3%) had PCa. The results showed that PI-RADS v2, tPSA, and PSA–AV were significant independent predictors of prostate cancer. PI-RADS v2 score ≥4 could detect PCa with rate of 82.1%. Serum tPSA ≥10 ng/mL could detect PCa with rate of 66.2%, PSA density (PSAD) ≥0.15 ng/mL/cc with rate of 62.8%, and PSA–AV ≤250 with rate of 83.5%. Combining with PSA–AV ≤250, patients those with tPSA 4 to 10 ng/mL could improve the detection from 36.0% up to 81%, those with PI-RADS v2 score 3 from 28.6% up to 60.0%. PI-RADS v2 and PSA–AV are faithful variables for detecting PCa. And for patients, those in gray zones of PI-RADS v2 and tPSA, PSA–AV can improve detection rate of PCa.
Background and purpose Variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene are recognized as a common and important genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). However, the impact of variant severity on the clinical phenotype of PD in the Chinese population remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of GBA‐related PD (GBA‐PD) and the relationship of GBA variant severity with clinical characteristics in a large Chinese cohort. Methods Long‐range polymerase chain reaction and next generation sequencing were performed for the entire GBA gene. GBA variant severity was classified into five classes: mild, severe, risk, complex, and unknown. Results Among the total 737 PD patients, 47 GBA variants were detected in 79 (10.72%) patients, and the most common GBA variants were R163Q, L444P, and R120W. Complete demographic and clinical data were obtained for 673 patients, which revealed that 18.50% of early onset PD patients had GBA variants. Compared with patients without GBA variants, GBA‐PD patients experienced PD onset an average of 4 years earlier and had more severe motor and nonmotor symptoms. Patients carrying severe and complex variants had a higher burden of nonmotor symptoms, especially depression, and more mood/cognitive and gastrointestinal symptoms than patients carrying mild variants. Conclusions GBA‐PD is highly prevalent in the Chinese population. The severity of GBA variants underlies distinct phenotypic spectrums, with PD patients carrying severe and complex variants seeming to have similar phenotypes. PD patient stratification by GBA variant severity should become a prerequisite for selecting specific treatments.
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