Exploring antibiofilm potential of bacitracin against streptococcus mutans

Proteomic Characterization and Target Identification Against Streptococcus mutans Under Bacitracin Stress Conditions Using LC–MS and Subtractive Proteomics

“…S. mutans was cultured under bacitracin drug stress (half-MIC i.e., 39 μg/ml) [ 18 ]. The proteome of S. mutans was analyzed by LC–MS/MS, by means of SWATH workflow.…”

“…C55P is derived when the precursor undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (C55PP), is dephosphorylated. This dephosphorylation step is obstructed by bacitracin by sequestering C55PP, thereby reducing the pool of C55P available to transport glycan units to the cell wall thereby disturbing cell integrity and causing lysis [ 18 ]. When the whole proteome extract of bacteria grown under bacitracin stress subjected to LC–MS, a panel of 321 proteins was identified.…”

Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action

“…This layer is comprised of linear glycan strands, which alternate between N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues linked by β-1-4 bonds [ 14 ]. Bacitracin, an antibiotic first isolated from B. licheniformis, primarily acts on gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 78.12 μg/mL) [ 15 , 16 ]. This antibiotic is comprised of a mixture of compounds, which include bacitracin A (1), B and C. Bacitracin A ( Figure 3 ) prevents the dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (C55-PP) to undecaprenyl phosphate (C55-P), which prevents the formation of lipid I/II and the eventual disruption of the peptidoglycan layer [ 17 ].…”

“…This antibiotic is comprised of a mixture of compounds, which include bacitracin A (1), B and C. Bacitracin A ( Figure 3 ) prevents the dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (C55-PP) to undecaprenyl phosphate (C55-P), which prevents the formation of lipid I/II and the eventual disruption of the peptidoglycan layer [ 17 ]. Additionally, recent scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has shown that bacitracin inhibits the formation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans by downregulating several genes related to cell division and biofilm [ 16 ].…”

Leuconostoc mesenteroides LVBH107 Antibacterial Activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity against P. gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

“…After sterilized coverslips (10 mm × 10 mm) were placed into lower chambers of transwell plates, co-cultures containing L. mesenteroides LVBH107 culture medium or supernatant and P. gingivalis were prepared in transwell plates as described above. After incubation of transwell plates for 72 h at 37 • C, coverslips coated with P. gingivalis biofilm were stained for 15-20 min in the dark using a LIVE/DEAD ® BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit (L7012, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) [30]. Next, P. gingivalis biofilm structure on each coverslip was assessed and recorded using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, LSM710, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).…”