Exploring adult Playfulness: Examining the accuracy of personality judgments at zero-acquaintance and an LIWC analysis of textual information

Proyer, René T.; Brauer, Kay

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.10.002

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…However, vector correlation analyses indicated that relationships between self- and peer-ratings of Intellectual playfulness differed from each other independently of whether the outcome was assessed by self- or peer-ratings. In line with previous studies (e.g., Proyer and Brauer, 2018 ; Proyer et al, 2018a ), we argue that the comparatively low observability of Intellectual playfulness contributes to differences in self- and peer-views and the associations toward external variables.…”

Section: Studysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As expected, self- and peer-ratings for playfulness and the indicators for health, activity, and fitness converged very well. As in previous studies (e.g., Proyer, 2017 ; Proyer and Brauer, 2018 ), playfulness and its facets were accurately perceived by their acquaintances. Thus, it can be concluded that peer-raters can observe playfulness and physical functioning well, and that their perception does not differ strongly from the self-perceptions by the individuals.…”

Section: Studysupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Finally, we expected these relationships to be present in all data sources (i.e., when looking at relationships between self-rated playfulness and self-rated health/activity/fitness, but also self- and peer-ratings, peer- and self-ratings, and peer- and peer-ratings). Previous studies found that self- and peer-rated playfulness converges in a range of 0.44–0.57 across the four OLIW-facets in a mixed sample of highly acquainted people (good friends, romantic partners, siblings, etc., Proyer, 2017 ), between 0.33 and 0.58 in heterosexual couples in a romantic relationship (Proyer et al, 2018a ), and between 0.21 and 0.37 in a zero-acquaintance setting (ratings of short self-descriptions of up to five sentences; Proyer and Brauer, 2018 ). Thus, the convergence was within the range which has been reported for other personality traits.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Positive Relationships of Playfulness With Indicators of Health, Activity, and Physical Fitness

et al. 2018

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Adult playfulness is a personality trait that enables people to frame or reframe everyday situations in such a way that they experience them as entertaining, intellectually stimulating, or personally interesting. Earlier research supports the notion that playfulness is associated with the pursuit of an active way of life. While playful children are typically described as being active, only limited knowledge exists on whether playfulness in adults is also associated with physical activity. Additionally, existing literature has not considered different facets of playfulness, but only global playfulness. Therefore, we employed a multifaceted model that allows distinguishing among Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical playfulness. For narrowing this gap in the literature, we conducted two studies addressing the associations of playfulness with health, activity, and fitness. The main aim of Study 1 was a comparison of self-ratings (N = 529) and ratings from knowledgeable others (N = 141). We tested the association of self- and peer-reported playfulness with self- and peer-reported physical activity, fitness, and health behaviors. There was a good convergence of playfulness among self- and peer-ratings (between r = 0.46 and 0.55, all p < 0.001). Data show that both self- and peer-ratings are differentially associated with physical activity, fitness, and health behaviors. For example, self-rated playfulness shared 3% of the variance with self-rated physical fitness and 14% with the pursuit of an active way of life. Study 2 provides data on the association between self-rated playfulness and objective measures of physical fitness (i.e., hand and forearm strength, lower body muscular strength and endurance, cardio-respiratory fitness, back and leg flexibility, and hand and finger dexterity) using a sample of N = 67 adults. Self-rated playfulness was associated with lower baseline and activity (climbing stairs) heart rate and faster recovery heart rate (correlation coefficients were between −0.19 and −0.24 for global playfulness). Overall, Study 2 supported the findings of Study 1 by showing positive associations of playfulness with objective indicators of physical fitness (primarily cardio-respiratory fitness). The findings represent a starting point for future studies on the relationships between playfulness, and health, activity, and physical fitness.

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Section: Studysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Studysupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Positive Relationships of Playfulness With Indicators of Health, Activity, and Physical Fitness

et al. 2018

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“…It is possible therefore that our findings are biased by country-level differences in acquiescence bias, leading to an underestimation of the actual differences. However, it must be noted that data on the self-other agreement in playfulness ( Ostendorf et al, 1986 ; Fekken et al, 1987 ; Proyer, 2017 ; Proyer and Brauer, 2018 ) suggest good convergence. Hence, while acquiescence may play a role and should be controlled for, self-ratings seem to reflect the perception of (well) acquainted others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hence, while acquiescence may play a role and should be controlled for, self-ratings seem to reflect the perception of (well) acquainted others. There is even evidence that people can gather information on a person’s playfulness in zero-acquaintance settings ( Proyer and Brauer, 2018 ). Nevertheless, future studies should contain reverse coded items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Initial Cross-Cultural Comparison of Adult Playfulness in Mainland China and German-Speaking Countries

Pang

Proyer

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Compared with playfulness in infants and children, playfulness in adults is relatively under-studied. Although there is no empirical research comparing differences in adult playfulness across cultures, one might expect variations between Western and Eastern societies such as China. While playfulness is typically seen as a positive trait in Western culture, there are hints in Chinese culture that being playful has negative connotations (e.g., associations with laziness and seeing play as the opposite of work). The aim of this study was to compare expressions of playfulness in one sample from German-speaking countries (n = 143) and two samples from China (Guangzhou: n = 176; Beijing: n = 100). Participants completed one playfulness scale developed in the West (Short Measure of Adult Playfulness, SMAP) and one from the East (Adult Playfulness Questionnaire, APQ). Additional ratings of the participants were collected to measure: (a) the level of playful behavior expressed by people in different situations (e.g., when being around family members, in public, or on social media), and (b) individuals’ perceptions of society’s expectations concerning the appropriateness of being playful in the given situations. Overall, the results of the comparisons were mixed. Although SMAP scores did not vary significantly across the three samples, people from German-speaking countries tended to score higher on some facets of the APQ and some situational ratings. Stronger effects were found when comparing only the German-speaking sample and the Guangzhou sample. In addition to the cross-cultural differences that we expected, we also detected Chinese regional variations (North vs. South). We conclude that societal rules and cultural factors may impact expressions of playfulness in a society.

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Dyadic Processes

Brauer¹,

Proyer²

2019

Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science

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Exploring adult Playfulness: Examining the accuracy of personality judgments at zero-acquaintance and an LIWC analysis of textual information

Cited by 44 publications

References 46 publications

The Positive Relationships of Playfulness With Indicators of Health, Activity, and Physical Fitness

The Positive Relationships of Playfulness With Indicators of Health, Activity, and Physical Fitness

An Initial Cross-Cultural Comparison of Adult Playfulness in Mainland China and German-Speaking Countries

Dyadic Processes

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