Exploring Active Ingredients, Beneficial Effects, and Potential Mechanism of Allium tenuissimum L. Flower for Treating T2DM Mice Based on Network Pharmacology and Gut Microbiota

Zhang, Shan-Shan; Hou, Yufei; Liu, Shao-Jing; Guo, Sheng; Ho, Chi‐Tang; Bai, Naisheng

doi:10.3390/nu14193980

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The results indicate that LPS disrupts the homeostasis of gut microbiota and WEA tends to limit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. Emerging evidence indicates that the flavonoid-rich A. tenuissimum flower could remedy glycolipid metabolic disorders and inflammation in diabetic mice by modulating protein expression and gut microbiota [ 52 ]. In another study, DMY was shown to reduce the hepatic lipid synthesis and inflammation through the modulations of gut microbiota [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water Extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Inflammation

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Oxidative stress is recognized as a significant contributor to the development and progression of inflammation and disruptions in the balance of gut microflora, commonly referred to as intestinal dysbiosis. It is crucial that safe and effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are identified to address these conditions. Ampelopsis grossedentata, a natural plant abundant in flavonoids and primarily found in southern China, has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties. However, the extent to which flavonoids in A. grossedentata impact intestinal inflammation and alter the composition of the gut microbiome remains to be fully understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential benefits of using A. grossedentata as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the context of intestinal inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. We first conducted an initial comparison of the effects of dihydromyricetin (DMY), an alcohol extract of A. grossedentata (AEA, 82% total flavonoids), and a water extract of A. grossedentata (WEA, 57% total flavonoids) on the cell viability and intestinal barrier integrity of porcine epithelial cells IPEC-J2. Although the total flavonoid content is much lower in WEA than in AEA, the results show that they have similar effects. Subsequently, the antioxidant properties of WEA were compared with those of commonly utilized antioxidants in vitro. Lastly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of WEA, as well as its impacts on gut microbiota, were evaluated in animal models, including mice and Drosophila. In summary, the results of our study indicate that WEA, due to its antioxidant properties, exhibits a protective effect on the intestinal barrier function in porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2. Additionally, WEA demonstrates a positive correlation with DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging rate, FRAP, and reducing power under in vitro settings. Furthermore, WEA was shown to effectively alleviate oxidative stress in animal models by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, as well as by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the duodenum. Additionally, WEA was able to regulate gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting harmful microbes, as well as extending the lifespan of Drosophila. Overall, these findings suggest that WEA may serve as a valuable dietary supplement for addressing oxidative stress and inflammation through its anti-inflammatory and prebiotic effects, which are conferred via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water Extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Inflammation

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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“…An alternative mechanism that may explain the preventive effect of flavonoids against the onset of diabetes may be that they act as α-glucosidase inhibitors in the digestive tract, much like the prescription drug acarbose. Thus, dietary flavonoids may inhibit the absorption of carbohydrates from the small intestine, resulting in lowered blood sugar levels (110,111). Flavonoids in the digestive tract affect, or alter the composition of the resident gut microflora.…”

Section: Discrepancy Between Outcomes Of Animal Experiments and Human...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids in the digestive tract affect, or alter the composition of the resident gut microflora. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is drawing increasing attention as an important system that connects nerve, hormone and immune signals, and thus regulates human metabolism (28,111). At present, the role of gut microflora in prevention of diabetes is still a matter of speculation.…”

Section: Discrepancy Between Outcomes Of Animal Experiments and Human...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effects of flavonoids and carotenoids against diabetic complications—A review of in vivo evidence

Jin

Arroo

2023

Front. Nutr.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused either by inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin function, or both. Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia which over time leads to fatal damage to both macro-and microvascular systems, causing complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy and nephropathy. Diabetes management is conventionally delivered through modifications of diet and lifestyle and pharmacological treatment, using antidiabetic drugs, and ultimately insulin injections. However, the side effects and financial cost of medications often reduce patient compliance to treatment, negatively affecting their health outcomes. Natural phytochemicals from edible plants such as fruits and vegetables (F&V) and medicinal herbs have drawn a growing interest as potential therapeutic agents for treating diabetes and preventing the onset and progression of diabetic complications. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet, have shown antidiabetic effects in numerous in vitro and preclinical studies. The underlying mechanisms have been linked to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Carotenoids, another major group of dietary phytochemicals, have also shown antidiabetic potential in recent in vitro and in vivo experimental models, possibly through a mechanism of action similar to that of flavonoids. However, scientific evidence on the efficacy of these phytochemicals in treating diabetes or preventing the onset and progression of its complications in clinical settings is scarce, which delays the translation of animal study evidence to human applications and also limits the knowledge on their modes of actions in diabetes management. This review is aimed to highlight the potential roles of flavonoids and carotenoids in preventing or ameliorating diabetes-related complications based on in vivo study evidence, i.e., an array of preclinical animal studies and human intervention trials. The current general consensus of the underlying mechanisms of action exerted by both groups of phytochemicals is that their anti-inflammatory action is key. However, other potential mechanisms of action are considered. In total, 50 in vivo studies were selected for a review after a comprehensive database search via PubMed and ScienceDirect from January 2002 to August 2022. The key words used for analysis are type-2 diabetes (T2DM), diabetic complications, flavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mechanisms of prevention and amelioration, animal studies and human interventions.

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“…The HFD-STZ-induced T2DM mouse model was established, according to the previous method, in our lab [27]. Mice were raised in standardized conditions, where the temperature was 23 ± 2 • C, the relative humidity was 50 ± 10%, the lighting condition was 12 h light/12 h dark cycles, and there was free access to drinking and eating.…”

Section: Animals and Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Combined with Serum Metabolomics to Investigate the Hypoglycemic Effect of Actinidia arguta Leaves

Hou,

Bai,

Wang

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Actinidia arguta leaves (AAL) are an excellent source of bioactive components for the food industry and possess many functional properties. However, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of AAL remain unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential hypoglycemic effect of AAL and explore its possible mechanism using 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics in diabetic mice induced by high-fat feeding in combination with streptozotocin injection. A total of 25 flavonoids from AAL were isolated and characterized, and the contents of the extract from the AAL ranged from 0.14 mg/g DW to 8.97 mg/g DW. The compound quercetin (2) had the highest content of 8.97 ± 0.09 mg/g DW, and the compound kaempferol-3-O-(2′-O-D-glucopyl)-β-D-rutinoside (12) had the lowest content of 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/g DW. In vivo experimental studies showed that AAL reduced blood glucose and cholesterol levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated oxidative stress and liver and kidney pathological damage. In addition, gut microbiota analysis found that AAL significantly reduced the F/B ratio, enriched the beneficial bacteria Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, and inhibited the harmful bacteria Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio, thereby playing an active role in intestinal imbalance. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed that AAL could improve amino acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby exerting a hypoglycemic effect. This study confirmed that AAL can alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating intestinal flora and interfering with related metabolic pathways, providing a scientific basis for its use as a dietary supplement and for further exploration of the mechanism of AAL against T2DM.

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Exploring Active Ingredients, Beneficial Effects, and Potential Mechanism of Allium tenuissimum L. Flower for Treating T2DM Mice Based on Network Pharmacology and Gut Microbiota

Cited by 9 publications

References 71 publications

The Water Extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Inflammation

The Water Extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Inflammation

The protective effects of flavonoids and carotenoids against diabetic complications—A review of in vivo evidence

Gut Microbiota Combined with Serum Metabolomics to Investigate the Hypoglycemic Effect of Actinidia arguta Leaves

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