“…Despite these efforts, little attention has been paid to seasonal or to sub-seasonal climate variability of convective weather over Europe (Tippett et al, 2015). Teleconnections between remote climate signals and thunderstorm frequency have become an area of increasing focus in recent years (Barrett and Gensini, 2013;Lee et al, 2013;Thompson and Roundy, 2013;Allen et al, 2015b;Tippett et al, 2015;Dowdy, 2016;Gensini and Marinaro, 2016;Molina et al, 2016;Cook et al, 2017;Allen et al, 2018;Baggett et al, 2018;Gensini and Allen, 2018;Tippett, 2018;Trapp and Hoogewind, 2018). These modulations to frequency can lead to extreme differences in thunderstorm frequency from year to year, a pattern that is evident in European severe thunderstorm frequency (e.g.…”